 |
DR. MAGDI RAGHEB
Courses Taught
Nuclear Power
Engineering: NPRE 402 Online with synchronous
zoom meetings, 11:00-11:50 am
Course Information, Spring 2021,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2021/spring/NPRE/402
Course Information, Fall 2020,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2020/fall/NPRE/402
Course Informatiom, Summer 2020,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2020/summer/NPRE/402
Course Information, Spring 2020,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2020/spring/NPRE/402
Course Information, Fall 2019,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2019/fall/NPRE/402
Course Information, Summer 2019,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2019/summer/NPRE/402
Course Information, Spring 2019,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2019/spring/NPRE/402 Course Information, Fall 2018,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2018/fall/NPRE/402 Course Information, Summer 2018,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2018/summer/NPRE/402
Course Information, Spring 2018,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2018/spring/NPRE/402 Course Information, Fall 2017,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2017/fall/NPRE/402 Course Information, Summer 2017,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2017/summer/NPRE/402
Course Information, Spring 2017,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2017/spring/NPRE/402 Course Information, Fall 2016,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2016/fall/NPRE/402
Course Information, Summer 2016,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2016/summer/NPRE/402
Energy Storage
Engineering: NPRE 498 (NPRE 477) Online with synchronous zoom meetings on MWF,
1:00-1:50 pm
Course Information, Spring 2021,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2021/spring/NPRE/498
Course Information,
Spring 2020,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2020/spring/NPRE/498
Course Information, Fall 2019,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2019/fall/NPRE/397
Course Information, Fall 2019,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2019/fall/NPRE/597
Course Information, Spring 2017,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2017/spring/NPRE/498
Course Information, Spring 2016,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2016/spring/NPRE/498
Wind Power
Systems: NPRE 475
Online with synchronous zoom meetings on MWF, 2:00-2:50 pm
Course Information, Spring 2021,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2021/spring/NPRE/475
Course Information, Spring 2020,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2020/spring/NPRE/475
Course Information, Spring 2019,https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2019/spring/NPRE/475 Course Information, Spring 2018,https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2018/spring/NPRE/475 Course Information, Spring 2017,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2017/spring/NPRE/475
Course Information, Spring 2016,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2016/spring/NPRE/475
Safety
Analysis of Nuclear Reactor Systems: NPRE 457
Online with synchronous meetings
Course Information, Fall 2020,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2020/fall/NPRE/457
Course Information, Fall 2019,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2019/fall/NPRE/457
Course Information, Fall 2018,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2018/fall/NPRE/457
Course Information, Fall 2017,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2017/fall/NPRE/457 Course Information, Fall 2016,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2016/fall/NPRE/457
Spring 2021 Independent Study
NPRE 397 MR: Independent Study, 23940 (undergraduate credit)
NPRE 597 MR: Independent Study, 24068 (graduate credit)
Monte Carlo Simulations in
Engineering: NPRE 498MC (NPRE 456 /
CSE 416) Online with synchronous zoom meetings on MWF
Course Information,
Fall 2019,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2019/fall/NPRE/397
Course Information, Fall 2019,
https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2019/fall/NPRE/597
Course Information,
Spring 2016,
Course Information, Fall 2015
Fuzzy Logic
and its Applications NPRE 459 /CSE 417
Nuclear and Radiological
Safety: NPRE 590SF
Principles of Radiation
Protection: NPRE 441
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ANATOMY OF THE FEBRUARY 15,
2021 TEXAS/MEXICO POWER GRID COLLAPSE, ROLLING BLACKOUT
M. Ragheb
Rolling blackouts and power outages affected
15 states on Tuesday, February 16, 2021 as a polar vortex dumped
Arctic air into much of the country. Gas wellheads froze, gas
turbines were shut down, wind turbines lost their grid stand-by
power, and solar collectors were covered with snow.
The Electricity Reliability Council of Texas (Ercot),
said the freezing conditions had led to:
30 GW being taken offline from gas, coal and nuclear sources,
16 GW loss in capacity in wind and other renewable energy
supplies
This curtailed its ability to satisfy a peak
demand of 69 GW over several days; a surge even greater than
anticipated. In its plan for an extreme winter weather event,
Ercot says it expects only 7 percent to be provided by wind
energy. A lot of the generation that has gone offline has been
primarily due to issues on the natural gas system.
The cold weather also affected a water system
needed to run the South Texas Nuclear Power Station. One of the
two reactors of the South Texas Nuclear Power Station in
Matagorda County is out of production. One of two reactors shut
down at the South Texas Nuclear Power Station an hour southwest
of Houston, knocking out about half of its 2,700 megawatts of
generating capacity. The plant, which is one of the newer ones
in the country, normally provides power to more than 2 million
Texas homes.
The second reactor at the plant, which is
operating as normal, provided more than 1,300 megawatts of
electricity. Texas has another two-unit nuclear facility
southwest of Dallas, the Comanche Peak nuclear power plant, that
remained fully up and running. Shutdowns related to weather are
uncommon for nuclear plants, which are known for their high
capacity factors. However, the South Texas Nuclear Power
Station was not built to protect against very cold weather. Some
equipment in some nuclear plants in Texas has not been hardened
for extreme cold weather because there was never a need for it.
According to the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission, the shutdown of the nuclear reactor was caused by a
disruption in a feedwater pump to the reactor, and that caused
the plant to trip automatically and shut down early Monday,
February 15, 2021. It was the connection between the power plant
and outside systems.
The shutdown of the reactor, one of the
state's four, has played a relatively small role in Texas' power
crisis, representing about 1,280 megawatts of the 30,000
megawatts of outages at the peak of the crisis. Nuclear power
normally provides about 11 percent of Texas's electricity.
Many of the state’s gas plants were knocked
out from icy conditions, and some plants shut down from being
unable to access the fuel they need because producing wells
froze.
Wind turbines froze, too, but to a lesser
extent.
Relative to gas, which is Texas's largest fuel
source, the availability of nuclear power is higher, at 75% of
expected capacity compared to about 60%, Gilbert said.
"So it certainly is one of many factors but is
greatly outweighed by fossil fuel outages," Gilbert said.
Still, the return of the 1,280-megawatt
nuclear reactor would be a big boost to the grid.
There is no single resource to blame for the
event. Peak events usually happen over hours. This one is lasted
days. Wind has been below expected output, but so have other
sources.
A nuclear power plant was shut down, 3.9 GWhr
worth of wind turbines went offline due to ice and 26 GWhr of
coal and natural gas generating capacity went unexpectedly
offline for other reasons. Spot market prices for power soared
to $9,000 per GWhr.
Of the grid's total winter capacity, about 80
percent of it, or 67 gigawatts, could be generated by natural
gas, coal and some nuclear power. Only 7 percent of Ercot’s
forecasted winter capacity, or 6 gigawatts, was expected to come
from various wind power sources across the state.
Production of natural gas in the state has
plunged due to the freezing conditions, making it difficult for
power plants to get the fuel necessary to run them. Natural gas
power plants usually do not have very much fuel storage on site.
Instead, the plants rely on the constant flow of natural gas
from pipelines that run across the state from areas like the oil
and natural gas producing Permian Basin in West Texas, to major
demand centers like Houston and Dallas.
Wind turbine outages have been responsible for
less than 13 percent of Texas’ total power shortages, the
nonprofit electric grid overseer Energy Reliability Council of
Texas (ERCOT).
The share of Texas’ electricity that came from
wind power is 22.9 percent in 2020, making it the state’s
second-largest energy source after natural gas, according to
ERCOT figures. But ERCOT forecasted that wind turbines would
produce just 10 percent of the state’s total electricity over
the winter, meaning a wintertime dip in efficiency was expected.
Cold weather has posed a problem for all forms
of power generation, not just wind. Brutal temperatures have
caused vital equipment at natural gas and coal-fired power
plants to freeze up, and oil and gas production have been
hampered by shutdowns at wells, while refineries across the
state have closed down.
The cause was the shutdown of a nuclear
reactor in Bay City because of the cold. The biggest culprit,
Low Supply of Natural Gas: ERCOT planned on 67 GW from natural
gas/coal but could only get 43 GW of it online. Texas did not
run out of natural gas, but it ran out of the ability to get
natural gas. Pipelines in Texas do not use cold insulation, so
things were freezing.
About 83 percent of power generation in Texas
is from fossil fuels, and it all shut down because the gas
supply infrastructure has frozen. About 10 percent of the wind
turbines went frozen and out of action. Because nobody thought
they needed to spend the extra money to harden them against
freezing conditions in Texas.
The Electric Reliability Council of Texas,
ERCOT said that 16 gigawatts of renewable energy generation,
mostly wind generation, was offline. Nearly double that, 30
gigawatts, had been lost from thermal sources, which includes
gas, coal and nuclear energy.
In addition, Texas did not want to be part of
a national power grid that would let it import electricity from
states that have power to spare. It built its own separate grid.
supplying Texas and Mexico. Texas avoided federal government
regulation.
It is a large part of the gas infrastructure
that has failed, not 90 percent of the renewables. If they
harden the wind turbines against freezing weather, 100 percent
of them would be running next time this happens.
Wind turbines in northern climates have
heating capabilities. There would have been no need to add that
cost to those in Texas. That strategy might change in the
future. In either case such HVAC systems providing a wind
turbine with about 5 kW of power on a standby basis to warm the
lubricating oil in their transmissions/gearboxes, must be
strictly independent of the grid system. These first-generation
wind turbines are being superseded by a second generation of
gearless wind turbines.
At around 10 degrees below zero, wind turbines
are shut down. The blades are not very flexible at that
temperature and they are shut down instead of risking cracks
generation. The use of carbon fiber instead of fiberglass may
eliminate this problem because of its higher strength.
One must also remember the deicing needs under
freezing rain conditions much like airplanes wings under the
same conditions. Icing reduces lift and adds weight resulting in
rotational stoppage and a failure hazard.
Texas has no fresh water for cooling more
thermal natural gas, nuclear or coal power plants that generate
steam.
About 25 percent of Texas power is provided by
wind turbines which froze, lacking adequate Heating, Ventilation
and Air Conditioning systems HVAC features and extracting
standby power from the failed grid. The gearboxes on wind
turbines have frozen. Wind engineers did not find a need to
install deicing systems on them, like on the wings of an
airliner. And the wellheads on natural-gas pipelines have also
frozen. That causes problems with not only providing the power,
but also for grid stability. If Texas was part of a national
grid, then it would not have happened. But Texas has its own
state grid connected to Mexico.
Solar collectors both thermal and photovoltaic
became covered in snow, ice, or clouded out and became
inoperable barring an investment in battery or thermal storage
systems. Reversing the produced current in photovoltaic
collectors may provide a deicing feature in future designs.
Cellular phone networks went offline as backup
generators at towers were freezing or running out of fuel or
both. Governor Greg Abbott deployed National Guard troops to
assist the state in relief efforts.
President Joe Biden declared an emergency on
Monday, February 18, for the Lone Star State, where temperatures
in some areas hovered near zero.
The freeze also took a toll on the state's
energy industry, the country's largest crude refinery shuttered
operations. Over the weekend, natural gas pipelines had
restricted flow as wellheads froze.
According to PowerOutage.US, 15 states were
experiencing rolling blackouts or outages because of extreme
weather. Most of the outages are seen in Texas, with over 4
million customers without power. PowerOutage.USA shows 4.307
million customers in Texas were without power.
Texas power grid
operator ERCOT, which represents 90% of the state's electric
load, that "generators to return, renewable output to increase =
increased customer restoration."
Oncor Electric Delivery, Texas' largest
transmission and electric distribution utility, tweeted:
"Due to ongoing record-low temps and generation,
@ERCOT_ISO has continued to direct Oncor & utilities across TX
to drop power load through maintained controlled outages. These
controlled outages are occurring across the state and our entire
service territory."
"At this time, @ERCOT_ISO is unable to predict
when grid conditions will stabilize. All customers are urged to
be prepared for cont' extended outages. Please also prioritize
safety. Warming stations are available in many areas- check
online or call 211 for more."
Number of people affected in Top Areas by
Electrical Power Outages:
Texas 4,197,673
Oregon 230,247
Kentucky 144,615
Louisiana 115,795
West Virginia 95,737
The key takeaways from the Texas rolling
blackouts, February 16, 2021:
Power Grid Crisis Spreads To Mexico
15 States Have Power Outages Due To Extreme Weather
Gov. Greg Abbott Requests LNG Exporter Freeport To Limit Gas
Intake
Gov. Greg Abbott Declares ERCOT Reform
4.423 million Customers in Texas Without Power
Bloomberg's Javier Blas Warns "Blackouts Have Spread Again"
General Motors Idles Arlington Assembly Factory
Oncor Electric Delivery Warns Of "Controlled Outages" across
State
Temperatures In Tyler, Texas -3F On Tuesday Morning
ERCOT Hopes To Restore Power With More Generators Returning To
Grid
The Southwest Power Pool Said Blackouts To Continue For The
Second Day
Houston Police Chief Art Acevedo Tweets Weather-Related Death
Refinitiv Data Shows Arctic Air To Remain In Texas Until End Of
Week
ERCOT Wholesale Electricity Prices Topped $9k Per Megawatt-Hour
Overnight
Rolling Blackouts Morph Into Down Cellular Networks Texas
Prepares For Second Winter Storm
The polar vortex continued pouring frigid air
into much of the country through this week. Temperature
anomalies were well below normal, creating major power-grid
chaos. The disruption spilled over into Mexico, where the USA
has curbed natural gas exports, resulting in power stations
grinding to a halt.
The plummeting natural gas exports from the
USA to Mexico amid an Arctic cold spell in the country that has
led to a gas demand surge caused blackouts in northern Mexico,
with some 4.77 million households and businesses left without
power on Monday, February 15, 2021.
Argus noted that most of the natural gas
Mexico receives from the USA comes from the Permian Basin, where
the production of both oil and gas has been affected by the cold
weather that has caused power outages across Texas. Oil wells
were being shut down, and so are refineries along the Gulf
Coast, with oil and gas pipeline operations disrupted by the
weather.
The blackouts may strengthen the argument that
Mexico needs to be less dependent on energy imports, with
President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador spearheading the drive to
reduce this dependency. Obrador wants to boost Mexico's domestic
oil and gas production to tackle the problem, but this has
proved challenging without the participation of private energy
companies as the president seeks to fortify the dominant status
of state energy major Pemex.
Texas Gov. Greg Abbott requested LNG exporter
Freeport to limit gas intake as domestic supplies are low due to
frozen wellheads. The lack of gas flowing to powerplants plus
unprecedented demand for power has resulted in the state's
highest-ever electricity rates. Power demand has surpassed
supply leading to massive blackouts.
Following the power grid collapse in Texas,
Gov. Greg Abbott released a statement Tuesday that "declared the
reform" of the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) in
the new legislative session. Abbott will pressure lawmakers to
investigate ERCOT's failures and make sure rolling blackouts
never happen again.
"The Electric Reliability
Council of Texas has been anything but reliable over the
past 48 hours," said Abbott. "Far too many Texans are without
power and heat for their homes as our state faces freezing
temperatures and severe winter weather. This is unacceptable.
Reviewing the preparations and decisions by ERCOT is an
emergency item so we can get a full picture of what caused this
problem and find long-term solutions. I thank my partners in the
House and Senate for acting quickly on this challenge, and I
will work with them to enhance Texas' electric grid and ensure
that our state never experiences power outages like this again."
Some people without electricity are using
outdoor propane heaters to heat their homes. Some Texans have
been living in their cars to stay warm as rolling blackouts have
left millions without power. With temperatures near zero this
morning, GM decided to idle its massive Arlington Assembly plant
due to "weather problems" for the second day. The facility sits
on about 250 acres and employs approximately 5,480 people.
Texas' grid collapse has transformed the state into a third
world country.
There are three major power grids in the Lower
48 states: the Eastern Interconnection, the Western
Interconnection — and Texas Interconnection.
The Texas grid is called ERCOT (Electric
Reliability Council of Texas). It covers 90% of the state's
electric load except for El Paso and the upper Panhandle, and
East Texas. Local utilities under ERCOT have pledged not to sell
their power to out-of-state customers. Texas grid's independence
dates back to World War II.
While there is little pressure to integrate
ERCOT into the national grid, that could all change with the
latest wave of blackouts across the Lone Star State. It was a
function of how many generators we are able to get back on line,
especially gas and coal. The grid became short of at least 18.5
GW. That is a staggering number, which equals probably to ~3
million homes.
The Southwest Power Pool (SSP), which manages
the electric grid and wholesale power market for the central
USA, including Kansas, Oklahoma, portions of New Mexico, Texas,
Arkansas, Louisiana, South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana,
Missouri, Minnesota, Iowa, Wyoming, and Nebraska, said that
blackouts would continue for a second day.
Houston Police Chief Art Acevedo tweeted that
a weather-related death was reported Monday night. He said
exposure to "extremely low temperatures" was the cause of death.
ERCOT wholesale electricity prices topped the
grid's price cap of $9,000 per megawatt-hour several times in
the overnight session. Reminding readers, ERCOT prices are
usually around $25/MWh.
DISCUSSION
Rolling blackouts have set off a chain
reaction of problems. Some water treatment plants and cell phone
networks went offline. Several metro areas across central Texas
warned of water issues. Due to a prolonged power outage at the
water treatment plant, Pflugerville is under a boil water
notice. Customers must boil their water prior to consumption.
In many places the gas pipeline companies were
pressured to 'go low carbon' by replacing gas powered
compressors with electric compressors hooked up to the grid, a
misguided choice, as they logically must be independent of the
grid.. When the grid fails the compressors fail and then the gas
pipeline distribution system loses pressure and fails, thus
exacerbating the problem of trying to meet excessive demand
during unusual weather.
The wholesale gas companies sell in open
markets and some companies/utilities cannot even bid at highly
elevated prices as they do not have the funds to pay. Back-up
power was temporarily so expensive that that the power providers
decided not to buy it and cut the customers off, instead. It was
a commercial, not a technical decision.
Others will have to rely on their downstream
contracts with their customers and pass on the costs or they
will go bankrupt and there will be even further pressure on the
grid and distribution systems -particularly in rural and poor
communities.
Virus Fears
M. Ragheb
The SARS-CoV-2 /Covid-19 virus is continuing its spread
across the globe with more than 60 million confirmed cases
in 190 countries and more than 1.4 million deaths as of November
2020. Positive news from vaccine trials suggest that the
light at the end of the long, dark tunnel is growing brighter.
Mutations into less virulent strains may lead to a fizzle as
herd immunity is attained like in previous pandemics.
One in every 1000 Americans has died from Covid-19 in
2020. This is not just one in every thousand
deaths; it is
one in every thousand Americans who entered 2020 with breath,
with a heartbeat, and with a family has been killed by
this single disease. The USA's population is 330 million,
and the USA Covid=19 deaths as of Jamuary 15,
2021 were:
338,785. Fully about 0.1% of the USA’s entire
population has died from the pandemic. That is
unparalleled in the modern medical era and it appears to
be getting worse.
At least 3,973 new coronavirus deaths per day reported in the
USA on January 14, 2021. There has been an average of
240,199 cases detected per day, an increase of 27
percent from the average two weeks earlier. More than
23,371,100 people in the USA have been infected with the
coronavirus according to a New York Times database.
The outbreak had a devastating impact on the USA economy,
although there are now some signs it is recovering.
Nearly eight million Americans, many of them children
and minorities, have fallen into poverty.
New variants are becomimg common place as enough time passes
to allow mutations to emerge, spread and take hold in
the population even though there is no evidence the
virus is becoming more deadly. As long as it does not
become less deadly,
more people catching it still means that, left
unchecked, more will potentially become ill or die. It
is worrisome that UK's B117, Brazil and South African variants
do appear to have changes which let it evade some of our
natural immune response.
There is significant evidence of coronavirus transmission in
supermarkets in stores and supermarkets in Wales, UK.
Some
3,278 colleges and universities across the USA have been
impacted by the SARS-CoV-2 /Covid-19 pandemic as it is
tragically culling a vulnerable fraction of the World's
population with prior co-morbidities. It is claimed that 26,000
nursing home residents perished in New York when they took
infected patients. Until the virus eventually
mutates into a less virulent seasonal or permanent strain, herd immunity is
established, or eradication by vaccination of the virus is achieved like
smallpox, many campuses are partially limiting local access and accelerating an already-occurring phase-change
trend into online synchronous, asynchronous, as well as blended remote education
models. Students on campuses adopted a mix of in-person, online and hybrid
courses, blending the options. These adopted measures are affecting more than 22 million students;
some being tested once or twice every week on some campuses that have partially closed, as even a low infection
rate on a crowded college campus can exponentially grow out of control
relatively fast.
SARS-CoV-2 /Covid-19 is presented as a serious enough
threat to justify imposing e-mailed draconian health safety rules.
Some administrations adopted Zero Tolerance policies
regarding mask wearing, social distancing, gatherings sizes,
measurements with an IR (Infra Red) thermometer on the forehead, frequent testing that
lacks specificity, and a plethora of useful rules and some less-useful
hysterical restrictions. . According to the CDC (Center for
Disease Control and Prevention), young people rarely suffer from the
SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19 virus, but over 80 percent of deaths have occurred in
people 65 years old and older. Among these, 94 percent
had other health issues. Among those that died there was an
average of 2.6 other co-morbidities. As the winter seasons bring people closely indoors
into enclosed environments with or without central air circulation
conditions that are favorable to the spread of a possibly airborne infectious agent
such as Tuberculosis (TB), a basic Reproduction Number
R above unity could possibly be expected if the SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19
pandemic mutations, whether determined to be of natural origin or as an escaped
suspected airborne aerosolized Gain
Of Function (GOF) research outcome with virulence and infectivity enhanced
from-suspected attached HIV strings into its genome. The New York Times in the USA and the South China Morning
Post, SCMP in Hong Kong poiut out the realization that the SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19 coronavirus not only shares genetic material with HIV, but also evades and
cripples the immune system in a similar way to HIV (Human Immunodeficiency
Virus). According to Wikipedia: “The human immunodeficiency
viruses are two species of Lentivirus that infect humans. Over time, they
cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a condition in which progressive
failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic
infections and cancers to thrive. HIV is a member of the genus Lentivirus,
part of the family Retroviridae. Lentiviruses have many morphologies
and biological properties in common. Many species are infected by
lentiviruses, which are characteristically responsible for long-duration
illnesses with a long incubation period. Lentiviruses are transmitted as
single-stranded, positive-sense, enveloped RNA viruses." According to Mayo Clinic, USA: “HIV is a sexually transmitted
infection (STI). It can also be spread by contact with infected blood or
from mother to child during pregnancy, child-birth or breast-feeding.
Without medication, it may take years before HIV weakens your immune system
to the point that you have AIDS. There is no cure for HIV/AIDS, but
medications can dramatically slow the progression of the disease.”
SARS-CoV-2/
Covid-19 is evolving into becoming the third
leading cause of death in the USA, after cancer and heart disease, and ahead
of stroke, Alzheimer's disease, drug overdoses, and suicide. Wikipedia
describes SARS as: "Severe
acute respiratory syndrome is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin
caused by Severe acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, the
first-identified strain of the SARS coronavirus species severe acute
respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus. The syndrome caused the 2002–2004
SARS outbreak. The 2002-2004 SARS outbreak was
an epidemic involving severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1). The
outbreak was first identified in Foshan, Guangdong, China, on 16 November
2002.. Over 8,000 people from 29 different countries and territories were
infected, and at least 774 died worldwide."
SARS-CoV-1 is thought to be an animal virus
from an as-yet-uncertain animal reservoir; perhaps bats. snakes, ferrets
or pangolins, that spread to other animals such as civet cats, and
first infected humans in the Guangdong province of southern China in 2002." Compared with
past pandemics and seasonal flu seasons in the USA: 1. 1918/1919 Spanish Flu pandemic: 675,000 deaths,
2. 2018-19 influenza season: 34,200 deaths, 3. 2009 swine influenza pandemic: 12,469 deaths,
4. 2002-2004 SARS-CoV-1: 774 deaths. Reliable vaccines with long-enough shelf-life; out of the
160 that were under
development, that are at least 50 percent effective and lasting for at least
6 months are anticipated.
To all and everyone; students, their families, their teachers and
communities at large, we wish you and pray for good health and well-being.
Magdi.Ragheb,
Virus and other Societal Risks,
Risk
Quantification
Magdi Ragheb, "Fault
Tree Analysis and Enhanced Configurations of Angle of Attack (AoA) Sensors
as Part of MCAS"
https://www.mragheb.com/NPRE%20457%20CSE%20462%20Safety%20Analysis%20of%20Nuclear%20Reactor%20Systems/Risk%20Quantification.pdf
Magdi Ragheb,
Possibility of Deuteron Disintegration
in Condensed Matter, A Review
M. Shaheen and M. Ragheb,
"Anomalous
Deuteron to Hydrogen Ratio in Naturally
Occurring Fission Reactions and the
Possibility of Deuteron Disintegration, " Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear
Chemistry, Articles, Vol. 158, N0.2, pp.
323-342, 1992.
M. Ragheb and G. H.
Miley, "Deuteron
Disintegration in Condensed Media,"
Journal of Fusion Energy, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp.
429-435, 1990.
Magdi Ragheb and George
H. Miley, "On
the Possibility of Deuteron Disintegration in
Electrochemically Compressed D+ in a Palladium
Cathode," Fusion Technology, Vol. 16,
pp. 243- 247, Sep. 1989.
M. Shaheen, M, Ragheb, G. H. Miley, H. Hora, J. Kelly,
"Anomalous
Deuteron to Hydrogen Ratio in Oklo Samples and the Possibility of
Deuteron Disintegration," "The Science of Cold Fusion," T. Bressani,
E. Del Gyudice and G. Preparata, Eds., Conference Proceeding Vol. 33,
SIF, Bologna, 1991.
Magdi Ragheb,
Tree Rustling at Seven Hills in Central Illinois
Magdi Ragheb,
French and German Children's Crusades The Pied Piper Legend
BRIGHT MINDS, CREATIVE THOUGHTS
Sir Tim Berners-Lee, "Thirty years on,
what is next For The Web?", World Wide Web Foundation, March 11, 2019,
https://webfoundation.org/2019/03/web-birthday-30/
Richard Feynman: "Cargo Cult
Science"
Isaac Asimov: "The
Future of Energy, Climate, Education and Humanity"
Bill Joy:
"Why The Future Does Not Need Us"
Henry David
Thoreau
An Old
Farmer's Advice
Suggestions for New (and Old) Students to Consider
Robert Frost:
"The Road Not Taken"
"Do not follow where the path may lead. Go instead where there is no path and leave a trail." Ralph Waldo Emerson
"The best way to have a good idea is to have lots of ideas." Dr. Linus Pauling, double Nobel Prize winning chemist and peace activist =================================================================================================
Select Publications
Book Chapters
Magdi Ragheb (2017), "Economics of Wind Power Generation," Chap. 25,
Part VI, Financial Modeling/Wind Economics, pp. 537 -554, in: Trevor M. Letcher, Ed., "Wind Energy
Engineering, A Handbook for Onshore and Offshore Wind Turbines,"
Academic Press, Elsevier, 2017.
Magdi Ragheb (2017), "History of Harnessing Wind Power," Chap. 7, Part
III, Wind Turbine Technology, pp. 127 - 142, in: Trevor M. Letcher, Ed.,
"Wind Energy Engineering, A Handbook for Onshore and Offshore Wind
Turbines," Academic Press, Elsevier, 2017.
Magdi Ragheb (2011).
"Nuclear
Naval Propulsion," Nuclear Power
- Deployment, Operation and Sustainability,
Pavel Tsvetkov (Ed.), ISBN:
978-953-307-474-0, InTech,
http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/nuclear-naval-propulsion
Magdi
Ragheb (2011). "Thorium
Fission and Fission-Fusion Fuel Cycle," Nuclear Power - Deployment,
Operation and Sustainability, Pavel Tsvetkov
(Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-474-0, InTech,
http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/thorium-fission-and-fission-fusion-fuel-cycle
Magdi
Ragheb and Adam M. Ragheb (2011). "Wind
Turbines Theory - The Betz Equation and Optimal
Rotor Tip Speed
Ratio," Fundamental and Advanced
Topics in Wind Power, Rupp Carriveau (Ed.),
ISBN: 978-953-307-508-2, InTech,
http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/wind-turbines-theory-the-betz-equation-and-optimal-rotor-tip-speed-ratio
Adam
M. Ragheb and Magdi Ragheb (2011). "Wind
Turbine Gearbox Technologies,"
Fundamental and Advanced Topics in Wind
Power, Rupp Carriveau (Ed.), ISBN:
978-953-307-508-2, InTech,
http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/wind-turbine-gearbox-technologies
M. Ragheb and D. Gvillo, "Hybrid
Symbolic-Procedural Programming Methodology
for Monte Carlo Particle Transport
Simulations," Science and Engineering
on Cray Supercomputers, A Cray Research Inc.
Book, Proc. of the Third International
Symposium, Minneapolis, Minnesota, pp.
491-515, September
1987.
Yoshioka, R., Kinoshita, M., Jorgensen, L., & Ragheb, M. (2017).
Environment, waste, and resources. In Molten Salt Reactors and
Thorium Energy (pp. 231-259). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-101126-3.00009-9
Journal Papers
Magdi Ragheb, "Lanchester
Law, Shock and Awe Strategies," J. Def. Manag. 2015, 6:1,
http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-0374.1000137
Magdi Ragheb, "Fusion
Fission Hybrid as an Early Introduction of
Fusion and The Thorium
Cycle," i-manager's Journal on
Future Engineering & Technology, Vol. 5,
No. 1, pp. 1-14, August-October, 2009.
Magdi Ragheb,
"Restoring
The Global Equatorial Ocean Current Using
Nuclear Excavation," i-manager's
Journal on Future Engineering & Technology,
Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 74-82,
August-October, 2009.
M. Shaheen and M. Ragheb, "Anomalous
Deuteron to Hydrogen Ratio in Naturally
Occurring Fission Reactions and the
Possibility of Deuteron Disintegration," Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear
Chemistry, Articles, Vol. 158, N0.2, pp.
323-342, 1992.
M. Ragheb and G. H.
Miley, "Deuteron
Disintegration in Condensed Media,"
Journal of Fusion Energy, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp.
429-435, 1990.
Magdi Ragheb and George
H. Miley, "On
the Possibility of Deuteron Disintegration in
Electrochemically Compressed D+ in a Palladium
Cathode," Fusion Technology, Vol. 16,
pp. 243- 247, Sep. 1989.
Jai Ki Lee,
Arthur B. Chilton, and Magdi Ragheb, "Effects
of Cross-Section Structure on the Dosimetric
Response Functions for 0.4 to 10.0 MeV
Neutrons in the ICRU Tissue Sphere," Radiation Research, Vol. 107, pp.
147-162, 1986.
Magdi Ragheb, George
Miley, James Stubbins, and Chan Choi, "Alternate
Approach to Inertial Confinement Fusion with
Low Tritium Inventories and High Power
Densities," Journal of Fusion Energy,
Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 339-351, 1985.
Magdi M. H. Ragheb, "Chain
Segmentation for the Monte Carlo Solution of
Particle Transport Problems," Nuclear Technology/Fusion, Vol. 5, pp.
115-137,January 1984.
Magdi M. H.
Ragheb, "Optimized
Fissile and Fusile Breeding in a Laser-Fusion
Fissile-Enrichment Flux Trap Blanket,"
Journal of Fusion Energy, Vol. 1, No. 3,
pp. 285-298, 1981.
Magdi M. H. Ragheb,
Gregory A. Moses and Charles W. Maynard, "Pellet
and Pellet-Blanket Neutronics and Photonics
for Electron Beam Fusion,"
Nuclear Technology, Vol. 48, pp. 16-32, April
1980.
Articles
Magdi
Ragheb, "Tight
Natural Gas as a Bridge Fuel Toward
Renewables," NBIZ Magazine, pp.
21-29, Winter 2011.
Magdi Ragheb, "Accidente
por apagon en Fukushima," Seguridad y Medio Ambiente, Year 31, No.
122, pp. 2-22, Segundo Trimestre,
2011.
Magdi Ragheb, "Station
Blackout Accident at Fukushima,"
Seguridad y Medio Ambiente, Year 31, No.
122, pp.2-22, 2011. http://www.mapfre.com/fundacion/html/revistas/seguridad/n122/articulo1En.html
Dan Rehfeldt and Magdi Ragheb, "Building
Expert Systems in Prolog on the Explorer
Machine," TI Professional Computing,
Vol. 3, No.6, pp. 12-27. June
1986.
Videos
Magdi Ragheb,
Restoring Relevance to Nuclear Energy - Future Innovation Strategies -
Magdi Ragheb @ TEAC8
Invited paper, the Thorium Energy Alliance 8th
Annual Future of Energy Conference,
Saint Louis Union Station Hotel, Saint-Louis, Missouri, August 21-22,
2017.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhbhj9BbsHI
Magdi Ragheb, "Thorium Fuel Cycle
using Electrostatic and Electrodynamic Neutrons
Generators," Thorium Energy Alliance
Conference, TEAC4, Chicago, Illinois, USA,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=TCm0jW5Bjdg,
July 12 2012.
http://www.thoriumenergyalliance.com/ThoriumSite/TEAC4.ht
http://youtube.com/watch?v=TCm0jW5Bjdg
http://youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscreen&v=TCm0jW5Bjdg
http://video.exstrim-bog.ru/watch/TCm0jW5Bjdg/magdi-ragheb-thorium-fuel-cycle-using-electrostatic-electrodynamic-neutron-generators-teac4.html
Magdi Ragheb and Brandon Spencer, "Alternative Cooling Systems for
Th-MSR Breeder,"
Thorium Energy Alliance Conference,
TEAC6, Chicago, Illinois, USA,
http://video.exstrim-bog.ru/watch/869aTKh9ZJY/magdi-ragheb-alternative-cooling-systems-for-th-msr-breeder-teac6.html
Magdi Ragheb, "Nuclear Watch: Fukushima Earthquake and Tsunami
Blackout Accident," 2013,
http://video.exstrim-bog.ru/watch/WdPR0otIuGc/nuclear-watch-fukushima-earthquake-and-tsunami-station-blackout-accident-by-dr-magdi-ragheb-2013.html
Conference
Papers
Jason Roemer and Magdi Ragheb, "Restoring
Relevance to Nuclear Energy, Future Innovation Strategies,"
Invited paper, the Thorium Energy Alliance 8th
Annual Future of Energy Conference,
Saint Louis Union Station Hotel, Saint-Louis, Missouri, August 21-22,
2017.
Power Point Presentation
Magdi Ragheb, "Overview
of the Thorium Fuel Cycle,"
Thorium Energy Alliance 7, Critical Metals, Policy and Energy
Conference, Stanford Sheraton, Palo Alto, California, USA, June 3-4,
2015.
Power Point
Presentation.
Mahmoud Mohammed and Magdi Ragheb, "Desert
Development Corridor Energy Systems Integration," 10th International
Conference on the "Role of Engineering Towards a Better Environment,
RETBE14, Alexandria University, Faculty of Engineering, 15-17 December
2014.
Abstract.
Power Point Presentation.
Rachel Beck and Magdi Ragheb, "Production
of Carbon-Neutral Hydrocarbons From CO2 and H2 In
Lieu of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)," 10th International
Conference on "Role of Engineering Towards a Better Environment,
RETBE14, Alexandria University, Faculty of Engineering, 15-17 December
2014.
Abstract.
Power Point Presentation.
Brandon Spencer and Magdi Ragheb, "Alternative
Cooling Systems for the Thorium Fuel Cycle Molten Salt Breeder,"
Thorium Energy Alliance's Critical Metals, Policy and Energy Conference,
Loyola University, Kasbeer Hall, Water Tower Campus, 25 E. Pearson,
Chicago, Illinois, USA, May 29-30, 2014.
Monish Singh and Magdi Ragheb, "Fail-Safe,
Source-Driven Thorium Reactors," Thorium Energy Alliance 5th Annual
Future of Energy Conference,
Loyola University, Regents Hall, Water Tower Campus, 111 Pearson,
Chicago, Illinois, USA, May 30-31, 2013.
Patricia
Weisensee and Magdi Ragheb, "Integrated
Wind and Solar Qattara Depression Project with
Pumped Storage as Part of Desertec,"
The
Role of Engineering Towards a Better Environment,
RETBE’12, 9th International Conference,
Alexandria University, Faculty of
Engineering, December 22-24, 2012.
Power
Point Presentation.
Magdi Ragheb and Monish Singh, "Electrodynamic
Inertial Fusion Generators and Fission
Satellites," Thorium Energy Alliance 4th
Annual 'Future of Energy' Conference," Loyola
University, Water Tower Campus, Chicago,
Illinois, USA, May31-June 1,
2012.
Magdi Ragheb and Monish Singh,
"Thorium
Fuel Cycle Using Electrostatic and Electrodynamic
Neutron Generators," Thorium Energy
Alliance 4th Annual 'Future of Energy'
Conference," Loyola University, Water Tower
Campus, Chicago, Illinois, USA, May31-June 1,
2012.
Magdi Ragheb,
"Coupling
Wind Power as a Renewable Source to Nuclear Energy
as a Conventional Energy Option,"
Invited
Paper submitted for presentation at the Academy of
Sciences for the Developing World - Arab
Regional Office, TWAS-ARO, 7th
Annual Meeting Seminar: “Water, Nuclear and
Renewable Energies: Challenges Versus
Opportunities” Conference, Center for
Special Studies and Programs, CSSP,
Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt,
December 28-29, 2011.
http://www.bibalex.org/CSSP/Presentations/Attachments/Coupling%20Wind%20Power%20as%20a%20Renewable%20Resource%20to%20Nuclear%20Energy%20as%20a%20Conventional%20Energy%20Option.pdf
Magdi Ragheb and Lefteri Tsoukalas,
"
Global
and USA Thorium and Rare Earth Elements
Resources," Proceedings of the
"2nd Thorium Energy Alliance Conference, The
Future Thorium Energy Economy," Google Campus,
Mountain View, California, USA, March 29-30,
2010.
Blake Stevens
and Magdi Ragheb, "Atmospheric
Heat Fluxes and Restoration of Circumglobal
Current," Proceedings of the 1st
International Nuclear and Renewable Energy
Conference (INREC10), Amman, Jordan, March 21-24,
2010.
Kate Rogers and Magdi Ragheb, "
Symbiotic
Coupling of Wind Power and Nuclear Power
Generation," Proceedings of the 1st
International Nuclear and Renewable Energy
Conference (INREC10), Amman, Jordan, March 21-24,
2010.
Magdi Ragheb and Ayman Nour
Eldin, "Fissile
and Fusile Breeding in the Thorium Fission
Fusion Hybrid," Proceedings of the
1st International Nuclear and Renewable Energy
Conference (INREC10), Amman, Jordan, March 21-24,
2010.
Magdi Ragheband Laith
AlBarakat, "Incidence
and Likelihood Risk and Safety
Indices," Proceedings of the 1st
International Nuclear and Renewable Energy
Conference (INREC10), Amman, Jordan, March 21-24,
2010.
Magdi Ragheb, "Single
and Dual Purpose Nuclear
Desalination," Proceedings of the
1st International Nuclear and Renewable Energy
Conference (INREC10), Amman, Jordan, March 21-24,
2010.
Ryan McLaren and Magdi Ragheb,
"Nuclear
Propulsion Choices for Space
Exploration," Proceedings of the 1st
International Nuclear and Renewable Energy
Conference (INREC10), Amman, Jordan, March 21-24,
2010.
Magdi Ragheb and Mohammed
Khasawneh, "Uranium
Fuel as Byproduct of Phosphate Fertilizer
Production," Proceedings of the 1st
International Nuclear and Renewable Energy
Conference (INREC10), Amman, Jordan, March 21-24,
2010.
Adam Ragheb and Magdi Ragheb,
"Wind
Turbine Gearbox
Technologies," Proceedings of the
1st International Nuclear and Renewable Energy
Conference (INREC10), Amman, Jordan, March 21-24,
2010.
Magdi Ragheb, "The
Fusion Fission Hybrid Thorium Fuel Cycle
Alternative ," Graduate
Seminar, Department of Nuclear, Plasma and
Radiological Engineering, University of
Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, 103 Talbot
Laboratory, USA, February 10,
2010.
Magdi
Ragheb and Ayman NourEldin, "The
Fusion Fission Thorium
Hybrid," "1st Thorium Energy
Alliance Conference, The Future Thorium Energy
Economy," Kellog Conference Center, Gallaudet University, Washington D. C.
2002-3695, USA, October 19-20,
2009.
J. R. Lee, G.
H. Miley, N. Luo and M. Ragheb, "Radioisotopic
Battery With Vacuum Electrical
Insulation," 5th International Energy
Conversion Engineering Conference and
Exhibit, IECEC, American Institute of Aeronautics
and Astronautics, AIAA 2007-4750,
St. Louis, Missouri, pp. 1-13, 25-27 June
2007.
M. Shaheen, M, Ragheb, G. H. Miley, H. Hora, J. Kelly, "Anomalous
Deuteron to Hydrogen Ratio in Oklo Samples and the Possibility of
Deuteron Disintegration," "The Science of Cold Fusion," T. Bressani,
E. Del Gyudice and G. Preparata, Eds., Conference Proceeding Vol. 33,
SIF, Bologna, 1991.
L.
Tsoukalas, G. W. Lee, M. Ragheb, "Anticipatory
Monitoring and Control in a Process
Environment," IEA/AIE '89 Proceedings of the
2nd International Conference on Industrial and
Engineering Applications of Artificial
Intelligence and Expert Systems, Volume
1, pp.278-287, 1989, Digital Library,
Association of Computing Machinery,
ACM.
M. Ragheb and M. Abdelhai,
"Uncertainty
Propagation in Fault Trees Using a Quantile
Arithmetic Methodology,"
Transactions of the 9th International
Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor
Technology, Folker H. Wittmann, Editor,
Lausanne, pp. 403-408, August 17-21,
1987.
M. Ragheb, M. Abdelhai, "Model-Based
Analysis System for Tracking of Limiting
Conditions for Operation and Surveillance
Requirements in Power Plants," Proc.
SPIE 0786, Applications of Artificial
Intelligence V, 138, May 11,
1987.
Magdi Ragheb, Doug Haseltine,
"Neutronics and photonics of Inertial
Confinement Fusion Pellets with Internal
Breeding," Journal of Fusion Energy,
Volume 3, issue 4, pp. 283-302, August
1983.
Nie Luo, Magdi ragheb, George Miley,
"Nuclear Bremstrahlung and its Radiation
Effects in Fusion Reactors," Plasma
Physics and Controlled Fusion, Volume 51,
issue 3, pp. 035003-035003, March 1,
2009.
Magdi Ragheb and Dennis Gvillo,
"Development of Model-Based
Fault-Identification Systems on
Microcomputers," Conference Volume 0635,
Applications of Artificial Intelligence III,
John F. Gilmore, ed., Orlando, Florida, April
1, 1986.
Magdi Ragheb, Dennis Gvillo, and
Henry Makowitz, "Symbolic Simulation of
Engineering Systems on a Supercomputer," Conference Volume 0635, Applications of
Artificial Intelligence III, John F. Gilmore,
ed., Orlando, Florida, April 1,
1986.
D. Gvillo, M. Ragheb. M. Parker, S.
Swartz, "Situation-Assessment and Decision-Aid
Production-Rule Analysis System for Nuclear
Plant Monitoring and Emergency Preparedeness," SPIE Digital Library, Proc. SPIE 0786,
Applications of Artificial Intelligence V,
John F. Gilmore, ed. 347, May 18,
1987.
L. Tsoukalas, M. Ragheb, Coupled
Probabilistic and Possibilistic Uncertainty
Estimation in Rule-Based Analysis," SPIE Digital
Library, Proc. SPIE 0786, Applications of
Artificial Intelligence V, John F. Gilmore,
ed. 79, May 18, 1987.
Magdi
Ragheb and Dennis Gvillo, "A
General-Purpose Inference-Engine for Cray
Supercomputers," Third
International Conference on "Science and
Engineering on Cray Supercomputers,"
Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55120-1095, September
9-11, 1987.
Book Reviews
Magdi
M. H. Ragheb, Book Review, Weston M. Stacey,
Jr., "Fusion
Plasma Analysis," Nuclear
Technology/Fusion, Vol. 7, pp. 570-573, October
1981.
Magdi M. H. Ragheb and Thomas J.
Higgins, Book Review, J. O. McVeigh, "Sun
Power: An Introduction to the Applications of
Solar Energy," IEEE Transactions on
Nuclear Science, Vol. NS-25, No. 3, pp.1032-1034,
June 1978.
Magdi M. H. Ragheb and
Thomas J. Higgins, Book Review, P. Silvennoiem,
"Reactor
Core Fuel Management," IEEE
Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. NS-25,
No. 3, pp. 1034-1036, June 1978.
Magdi
M. H. Ragheb and Thomas J. Higgins, Book Review,
Ernest J. Henley and Jeffrey Lewins, "Advances
in Nuclear Science and Technology,"
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol.
NS-24, No. 4, pp. 1980-1982, August
1977.
Magdi M. H. Ragheb and Thomas J.
Higgins, Book Review, T. Kammash, "Fusion
Reactor Physics, Principles and
Technology," IEEE Transactions on Nuclear
Science, Vol. NS-23, No. 3, pp. 1304-1306,
June 1976.
Magdi M. H. Ragheb and
Thomas J. Higgins, Book Review, Michael H. R.
Williams, "Random
Processes in Nuclear Reactors,"
IEEE
Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. NS-22, No.
5, pp. 2121-2122, October
1975.
Technical
Reports
Magdi M. Ragheb
and Charles W. Maynard, "A
Version of the Morse Multigroup Transport Code
for Fusion Reactors Blankets and Shield
Studies," BNL 20376, Department of Applied
Science (DAS) , Brookhaven National
Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, August 30,
1975.
http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/4184695-v52TYk/418695.pdf
M. M. H. Ragheb, R. T. Santoro, J. M. Barnes
and M. J. Saltmarsh, "Nuclear
Performance of Molten Salt Fusion-Fission
Symbiotic Systems for Catalyzed DD and DT
Reactors," ORNL/TM-6560, UC-20d, Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, Engineering
Physics Division, March
1979.
M .M. H. Ragheb and
C.W. Maynard, "Three-Dimensional
Neutronics for a Fusion Power Plant Non-Mobile
Gas-Cooled Solid Blanket,"
UWFDM-92, February 7, 1975. (75 pages, 2.5
MB)
M.
M. H. Ragheb,
C.W. Maynard, and R. W. Conn,
"An Optimal
Multistage Sequential Monte Carlo
Method," UWFDM-170, August
1974. (27 pages, 1.2 MB)
R.W.
Conn, S. I. Abdel-Khalik, G. A. Moses, E. T.
Cheng, G. Cooper, J. Howard, G. L. Kulcinski,
E. Larsen, E. Lovell, G. Magelssen, I. N.
Sviatoslavsky, W. Wolfer, F. Beranek, S.
K. Chang, R. Droll, N. Ghoniem, T. Hunter, M.
Ortman, R. Spencer, G. Shuy, and M. Ragheb,
"Studies
of the Technological Problems of Laser Driven
Fusion Reactors - Annual Report I,"
UWFDN-190, December 1976. (528 pages, 16 MB)
B.
Badger, G. L. Kulcinski, R.W. Conn, C. W. Maynard,
K. Audenaerde, H. Avci, D. Blackfield, R. W.
Boom, E. Cheng, J. R. Conrad, S. Dalhed,
G. A. Emmert, B. Feinberg, Y. Gohar, S. Hong,
J. Kesner, E. Larsen, P. F. Michaelson, K.
Okula, M. Ragheb,
E. Ramer, J. Scharer, D. Schluderberg,
T. Sung, I. N. Sviatoslavsky, D. K. Sze, W.
F. Vogelsang, P. Wilkes, W. R. Wilkes, L.
Wittenberg, J. Wrazel, T. Wu, T. Yang, J. Young,
and W. C. Young, "
TETR:
A Tokamak Engineering Test Reactor to Qualify
Materials and Blanket Components for Early DT
Fusion Power Reactors," UWFDM-191,
February 1977. (940 pages, 32 MB)
M.
M. H. Ragheb,
Y. M. Gohar, and C. W. Maynard, "Effect
of Particle Histories Termination Parameters
on Monte Carlo Estimates in Fusion Reactor
Blanket Scoping Studies," UWFDM-192,
February 1977. (43 pages, 2.0
MB)
M. M.
H.
Ragheb,
E. T. Cheng, and R. W. Conn, "Comparative
One-Dimensional Monte Carlo and Discrete
Ordinates Neutronics and Photonics Analysis
for a Laser Fusion Reactor Blanket with Li2O
Particles as Coolant and Breeder," UWFDM-193,
January 1977.
(42 pages, 1.7
MB)
M. M.
H.
Ragheb and C.
W. Maynard, "Effect
of Experiments-Size Parameters on Monte Carlo
Estimates in Fusion Reactor Blanket
Simulations," UWFDM-206, June
1977.
(42 pages, 1.8
MB)
M. H.
Ragheb,
E. T. Cheng, and R. W. Conn, "Monte
Carlo Study of Asymmetry Effects in a Lithium
Oxide Blanket for a Laser Driven Reactor,"
UWFDM-207, June 1977.
(32 pages, 1.4
MB)
M. M.
H.
Ragheb and C.
W. Maynard, "Calculated
Neutron and Gamma Irradiation Response of
Actively Cooled Mirrors for Laser Fusion Power
Reactors," UWFDM-218, October
1977.
(42 pages, 1.5
MB)
R. W.
Conn, S. I. Abdel-Khalik, G. A. Moses, F.
Beranek, E. T. Cheng, G. W. Cooper, R. B.
Droll, T. Henderson, J. Howard, T. O. Hunter,
E. M. Larsen, G. L. Kulcinski, E.
G. Lovell, G. R. Magelssen, C. W. Maynard, K.
R. Okula, M. Ortman, M.
Ragheb,
W. B. Rensel, D. Solomon, R.
Spencer, I. N. Sviatoslavsky, W. F. Vogelsang, R.
D. Watson, and W. G. Wolfer, "
SOLASE
- A Conceptual Laser Fusion Reactor
Design," UWFDM-220, December
1977.
(1122 pages, 34 MB)
[
M. M.
H.
Ragheb,
A.C. Klein, and C.W. Maynard, "Three-Dimensional
Neutronics Analysis of the Mirrors-Beam
Duct-Shield System for a Laser Driven Power
Reactor," UWFDM-239, March
1978.
(88 pages, 3.2
MB)
M.
Ragheb and C.
W. Maynard, "Monte
Carlo Statistical Weighting Methods for
External-Source-Driven Multiplying Systems,"
UWFDM-265, October 1978 [Proc. of the
ANS Topical Mtg. on Computational Methods in
Nuclear Engr., April 1979, Williamsburg, VA,
11, 7-11 (1979)].
(26 pages, 1.2
MB)
M. M.
H.
Ragheb,
M. Z. Youssef, S. I. Abdel-Khalik, and C. W.
Maynard, "Three-Dimensional
Neutronics Analysis of the SOLASE-H Laser
Reactor
Fissile-Enrichment-Fuel-Factory,"
UWFDM-266, November 1978.
(58 pages, 2.3
MB)
R. W.
Conn, S. I. Abdel-Khalik, G. A. Moses, G. W.
Cooper, J. E. Howard, G. L. Kulcinski, E. Larsen,
C. W. Maynard, M.
Ragheb,
I. N. Sviatoslavsky, W. F.
Vogelsang, W .G. Wolfer, M. Ortman, D.
Smatlak, R. Watson, and M. Youssef, "SOLASE-H,
A Laser Fusion Hybrid Study,"
UWFDM-270, May 1979 (revised October
1979).
(477 pages, 16
MB)
M. M.
H.
Ragheb,
G. Moses, and C. W. Maynard, "Pellet
and Pellet-Blanket Time-Dependent and
Time-Integrated Neutronics and Photonics for
Electron-Beam-Fusion Microexplosions,"
UWFDM-295, May 1979.
(48 pages, 2.0
MB)
R.W. Conn,
S.I. Abdel-Khalik, G.A. Moses, F. Beranek,
E.T. Cheng, G.W. Cooper, R.B. Droll, T. Henderson,
J. Howard, T.O. Hunter, E.M. Larsen, G.L.
Kulcinski, E.G. Lovell, G.R. Magelssen,
C.W. Maynard, K.R. Okula, M. Ortman, M.
Ragheb,
W.B. Rensel, D. Solomon, R. Spencer, I.N.
Sviatoslavsky, W.F. Vogelsang, R.D. Watson,
and W.G. Wolfer, "
SOLASE
- A Laser Fusion Reactor Study - Summary and
Conclusions," UWFDM-301, April
1979.
(40 pages, 1.6
MB)
R.W. Conn,
S.I. Abdel-Khalik, G.A. Moses, F. Beranek,
E.T. Cheng, G.W. Cooper, R.B. Droll, T. Henderson,
J. Howard, T.O. Hunter, E.M. Larsen,
G.L. Kulcinski, E.G. Lovell, G.R.
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