Chopin, Frédéric
Nocturnes Opus 9 No. 2
Andante,  in E Flat Major on Piano

 

DR. MAGDI RAGHEB

   

Courses Taught

Nuclear Power Engineering: NPRE 402 Online with synchronous zoom meetings, 11:00-11:50 am
Course Information, Spring 2021, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2021/spring/NPRE/402

Course Information, Fall 2020, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2020/fall/NPRE/402
Course Informatiom, Summer 2020, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2020/summer/NPRE/402
Course Information, Spring 2020, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2020/spring/NPRE/402
Course Information, Fall 2019, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2019/fall/NPRE/402
Course Information, Summer 2019, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2019/summer/NPRE/402
Course Information, Spring 2019, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2019/spring/NPRE/402
Course Information, Fall 2018, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2018/fall/NPRE/402
Course Information, Summer 2018, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2018/summer/NPRE/402
Course Information, Spring 2018, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2018/spring/NPRE/402
Course Information, Fall 2017, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2017/fall/NPRE/402
Course Information, Summer 2017, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2017/summer/NPRE/402
Course Information, Spring 2017, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2017/spring/NPRE/402
Course Information, Fall 2016, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2016/fall/NPRE/402
Course Information, Summer 2016, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2016/summer/NPRE/402

Energy Storage Engineering: NPRE 498 (NPRE 477) Online with synchronous zoom meetings on MWF,  1:00-1:50 pm
 Course Information, Spring 2021, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2021/spring/NPRE/498

 Course Information, Spring 2020, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2020/spring/NPRE/498
 Course Information, Fall 2019, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2019/fall/NPRE/397
 Course Information, Fall 2019, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2019/fall/NPRE/597
 Course Information, Spring 2017, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2017/spring/NPRE/498
 Course Information, Spring 2016, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2016/spring/NPRE/498

Wind Power Systems: NPRE 475 Online with synchronous zoom meetings on MWF, 2:00-2:50 pm
Course Information, Spring 2021, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2021/spring/NPRE/475

Course Information, Spring 2020, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2020/spring/NPRE/475
Course Information, Spring 2019,https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2019/spring/NPRE/475
Course Information, Spring 2018,https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2018/spring/NPRE/475
Course Information, Spring 2017, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2017/spring/NPRE/475
Course Information, Spring 2016, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2016/spring/NPRE/475

Safety Analysis of Nuclear Reactor Systems: NPRE 457 Online with synchronous meetings
Course Information, Fall 2020, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2020/fall/NPRE/457
Course Information, Fall 2019, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2019/fall/NPRE/457
Course Information, Fall 2018, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2018/fall/NPRE/457
Course Information, Fall 2017, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2017/fall/NPRE/457
Course Information, Fall 2016, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2016/fall/NPRE/457

Spring 2021 Independent Study
NPRE 397 MR: Independent Study, 23940 (undergraduate credit)
NPRE 597 MR: Independent Study, 24068 (graduate credit)

Monte Carlo Simulations in Engineering: NPRE 498MC (NPRE 456 / CSE 416) Online with synchronous zoom meetings on MWF
Course Information, Fall 2019, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2019/fall/NPRE/397
Course Information, Fall 2019, https://courses.illinois.edu/schedule/2019/fall/NPRE/597
Course Information, Spring 2016, Course Information, Fall 2015
   
Fuzzy Logic and its Applications NPRE 459 /CSE 417

Nuclear and Radiological Safety: NPRE 590SF

Principles of Radiation Protection: NPRE 441

=======================================================================================================================

© Blog
A blog is a truncation of the expression "weblog".
Fair Use Notice,,  Privacy Notice

ANATOMY OF THE FEBRUARY 15, 2021 TEXAS/MEXICO POWER GRID COLLAPSE, ROLLING BLACKOUT

 M. Ragheb

Rolling blackouts and power outages affected 15 states on Tuesday, February 16, 2021 as a polar vortex dumped Arctic air into much of the country. Gas wellheads froze, gas turbines were shut down, wind turbines lost their grid stand-by power, and solar collectors were covered with snow.

The Electricity Reliability Council of Texas (Ercot), said the freezing conditions had led to:

30 GW being taken offline from gas, coal and nuclear sources,

16 GW loss in capacity in wind and other renewable energy supplies

This curtailed its ability to satisfy a peak demand of 69 GW over several days; a surge even greater than anticipated. In its plan for an extreme winter weather event, Ercot says it expects only 7 percent to be provided by wind energy. A lot of the generation that has gone offline has been primarily due to issues on the natural gas system.

The cold weather also affected a water system needed to run the South Texas Nuclear Power Station. One of the two reactors of the South Texas Nuclear Power Station in Matagorda County is out of production. One of two reactors shut down at the South Texas Nuclear Power Station an hour southwest of Houston, knocking out about half of its 2,700 megawatts of generating capacity. The plant, which is one of the newer ones in the country, normally provides power to more than 2 million Texas homes.

The second reactor at the plant, which is operating as normal, provided more than 1,300 megawatts of electricity. Texas has another two-unit nuclear facility southwest of Dallas, the Comanche Peak nuclear power plant, that remained fully up and running.  Shutdowns related to weather are uncommon for nuclear plants, which are known for their high capacity factors.  However, the South Texas Nuclear Power Station was not built to protect against very cold weather. Some equipment in some nuclear plants in Texas has not been hardened for extreme cold weather because there was never a need for it.

According to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the shutdown of the nuclear reactor was caused by a disruption in a feedwater pump to the reactor, and that caused the plant to trip automatically and shut down early Monday, February 15, 2021. It was the connection between the power plant and outside systems.

The shutdown of the reactor, one of the state's four, has played a relatively small role in Texas' power crisis, representing about 1,280 megawatts of the 30,000 megawatts of outages at the peak of the crisis. Nuclear power normally provides about 11 percent of Texas's electricity.

Many of the state’s gas plants were knocked out from icy conditions, and some plants shut down from being unable to access the fuel they need because producing wells froze.

Wind turbines froze, too, but to a lesser extent.

Relative to gas, which is Texas's largest fuel source, the availability of nuclear power is higher, at 75% of expected capacity compared to about 60%, Gilbert said.

"So it certainly is one of many factors but is greatly outweighed by fossil fuel outages," Gilbert said.

Still, the return of the 1,280-megawatt nuclear reactor would be a big boost to the grid.  

There is no single resource to blame for the event. Peak events usually happen over hours. This one is lasted days. Wind has been below expected output, but so have other sources.

A nuclear power plant was shut down, 3.9 GWhr worth of wind turbines went offline due to ice and 26 GWhr of coal and natural gas generating capacity went unexpectedly offline for other reasons. Spot market prices for power soared to $9,000 per GWhr.

Of the grid's total winter capacity, about 80 percent of it, or 67 gigawatts, could be generated by natural gas, coal and some nuclear power. Only 7 percent of Ercot’s forecasted winter capacity, or 6 gigawatts, was expected to come from various wind power sources across the state.

Production of natural gas in the state has plunged due to the freezing conditions, making it difficult for power plants to get the fuel necessary to run them. Natural gas power plants usually do not have very much fuel storage on site. Instead, the plants rely on the constant flow of natural gas from pipelines that run across the state from areas like the oil and natural gas producing Permian Basin in West Texas, to major demand centers like Houston and Dallas.

Wind turbine outages have been responsible for less than 13 percent of Texas’ total power shortages, the nonprofit electric grid overseer Energy Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT).

The share of Texas’ electricity that came from wind power is 22.9 percent in 2020, making it the state’s second-largest energy source after natural gas, according to ERCOT figures. But ERCOT forecasted that wind turbines would produce just 10 percent of the state’s total electricity over the winter, meaning a wintertime dip in efficiency was expected.

Cold weather has posed a problem for all forms of power generation, not just wind. Brutal temperatures have caused vital equipment at natural gas and coal-fired power plants to freeze up, and oil and gas production have been hampered by shutdowns at wells, while refineries across the state have closed down.

The cause was the shutdown of a nuclear reactor in Bay City because of the cold. The biggest culprit, Low Supply of Natural Gas: ERCOT planned on 67 GW from natural gas/coal but could only get 43 GW of it online. Texas did not run out of natural gas, but it ran out of the ability to get natural gas. Pipelines in Texas do not use cold insulation, so things were freezing.

About 83 percent of power generation in Texas is from fossil fuels, and it all shut down because the gas supply infrastructure has frozen. About 10 percent of the wind turbines went frozen and out of action. Because nobody thought they needed to spend the extra money to harden them against freezing conditions in Texas.

The Electric Reliability Council of Texas, ERCOT said that 16 gigawatts of renewable energy generation, mostly wind generation, was offline. Nearly double that, 30 gigawatts, had been lost from thermal sources, which includes gas, coal and nuclear energy.

In addition, Texas did not want to be part of a national power grid that would let it import electricity from states that have power to spare. It built its own separate grid. supplying Texas and Mexico. Texas avoided federal government regulation.

It is a large part of the gas infrastructure that has failed, not 90 percent of the renewables. If they harden the wind turbines against freezing weather, 100 percent of them would be running next time this happens.

Wind turbines in northern climates have heating capabilities. There would have been no need to add that cost to those in Texas. That strategy might change in the future. In either case such HVAC systems providing a wind turbine with about 5 kW of power on a standby basis to warm the lubricating oil in their transmissions/gearboxes, must be strictly independent of the grid system. These first-generation wind turbines are being superseded by a second generation of gearless wind turbines.

At around 10 degrees below zero, wind turbines are shut down.  The blades are not very flexible at that temperature and they are shut down instead of risking cracks generation. The use of carbon fiber instead of fiberglass may eliminate this problem because of its higher strength.

One must also remember the deicing needs under freezing rain conditions much like airplanes wings under the same conditions. Icing reduces lift and adds weight resulting in rotational stoppage and a failure hazard.

Texas has no fresh water for cooling more thermal natural gas, nuclear or coal power plants that generate steam.

About 25 percent of Texas power is provided by wind turbines which froze, lacking adequate Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems HVAC features and extracting standby power from the failed grid. The gearboxes on wind turbines have frozen.  Wind engineers did not find a need to install deicing systems on them, like on the wings of an airliner. And the wellheads on natural-gas pipelines have also frozen. That causes problems with not only providing the power, but also for grid stability. If Texas was part of a national grid, then it would not have happened. But Texas has its own state grid connected to Mexico.

Solar collectors both thermal and photovoltaic became covered in snow, ice, or clouded out and became inoperable barring an investment in battery or thermal storage systems. Reversing the produced current in photovoltaic collectors may provide a deicing feature in future designs.

Cellular phone networks went offline as backup generators at towers were freezing or running out of fuel or both. Governor Greg Abbott deployed National Guard troops to assist the state in relief efforts.  

President Joe Biden declared an emergency on Monday, February 18, for the Lone Star State, where temperatures in some areas hovered near zero.

The freeze also took a toll on the state's energy industry, the country's largest crude refinery shuttered operations. Over the weekend, natural gas pipelines had restricted flow as wellheads froze.

According to PowerOutage.US, 15 states were experiencing rolling blackouts or outages because of extreme weather. Most of the outages are seen in Texas, with over 4 million customers without power. PowerOutage.USA shows 4.307 million customers in Texas were without power. Texas power grid operator ERCOT, which represents 90% of the state's electric load, that "generators to return, renewable output to increase = increased customer restoration."

Oncor Electric Delivery, Texas' largest transmission and electric distribution utility, tweeted:

 "Due to ongoing record-low temps and generation, @ERCOT_ISO has continued to direct Oncor & utilities across TX to drop power load through maintained controlled outages. These controlled outages are occurring across the state and our entire service territory."

"At this time, @ERCOT_ISO is unable to predict when grid conditions will stabilize. All customers are urged to be prepared for cont' extended outages. Please also prioritize safety. Warming stations are available in many areas- check online or call 211 for more."

 Number of people affected in Top Areas by Electrical Power Outages:

Texas                          4,197,673

Oregon                       230,247

Kentucky                    144,615

Louisiana                    115,795

West Virginia             95,737

The key takeaways from the Texas rolling blackouts, February 16, 2021:

Power Grid Crisis Spreads To Mexico

15 States Have Power Outages Due To Extreme Weather

Gov. Greg Abbott Requests LNG Exporter Freeport To Limit Gas Intake

Gov. Greg Abbott Declares ERCOT Reform

4.423 million Customers in Texas Without Power

Bloomberg's Javier Blas Warns "Blackouts Have Spread Again"

General Motors Idles Arlington Assembly Factory

Oncor Electric Delivery Warns Of "Controlled Outages" across State

Temperatures In Tyler, Texas -3F On Tuesday Morning

ERCOT Hopes To Restore Power With More Generators Returning To Grid

The Southwest Power Pool Said Blackouts To Continue For The Second Day

Houston Police Chief Art Acevedo Tweets Weather-Related Death

Refinitiv Data Shows Arctic Air To Remain In Texas Until End Of Week

ERCOT Wholesale Electricity Prices Topped $9k Per Megawatt-Hour Overnight

Rolling Blackouts Morph Into Down Cellular Networks Texas Prepares For Second Winter Storm

The polar vortex continued pouring frigid air into much of the country through this week. Temperature anomalies were well below normal, creating major power-grid chaos. The disruption spilled over into Mexico, where the USA has curbed natural gas exports, resulting in power stations grinding to a halt.

The plummeting natural gas exports from the USA to Mexico amid an Arctic cold spell in the country that has led to a gas demand surge caused blackouts in northern Mexico, with some 4.77 million households and businesses left without power on Monday, February 15, 2021.

Argus noted that most of the natural gas Mexico receives from the USA comes from the Permian Basin, where the production of both oil and gas has been affected by the cold weather that has caused power outages across Texas. Oil wells were being shut down, and so are refineries along the Gulf Coast, with oil and gas pipeline operations disrupted by the weather.

The blackouts may strengthen the argument that Mexico needs to be less dependent on energy imports, with President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador spearheading the drive to reduce this dependency. Obrador wants to boost Mexico's domestic oil and gas production to tackle the problem, but this has proved challenging without the participation of private energy companies as the president seeks to fortify the dominant status of state energy major Pemex.

Texas Gov. Greg Abbott requested LNG exporter Freeport to limit gas intake as domestic supplies are low due to frozen wellheads. The lack of gas flowing to powerplants plus unprecedented demand for power has resulted in the state's highest-ever electricity rates. Power demand has surpassed supply leading to massive blackouts.

Following the power grid collapse in Texas, Gov. Greg Abbott released a statement Tuesday that "declared the reform" of the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) in the new legislative session. Abbott will pressure lawmakers to investigate ERCOT's failures and make sure rolling blackouts never happen again.

"The Electric Reliability Council of Texas has been anything but reliable over the past 48 hours," said Abbott. "Far too many Texans are without power and heat for their homes as our state faces freezing temperatures and severe winter weather. This is unacceptable. Reviewing the preparations and decisions by ERCOT is an emergency item so we can get a full picture of what caused this problem and find long-term solutions. I thank my partners in the House and Senate for acting quickly on this challenge, and I will work with them to enhance Texas' electric grid and ensure that our state never experiences power outages like this again."

Some people without electricity are using outdoor propane heaters to heat their homes. Some Texans have been living in their cars to stay warm as rolling blackouts have left millions without power. With temperatures near zero this morning, GM decided to idle its massive Arlington Assembly plant due to "weather problems" for the second day. The facility sits on about 250 acres and employs approximately 5,480 people.  Texas' grid collapse has transformed the state into a third world country.

There are three major power grids in the Lower 48 states: the Eastern Interconnection, the Western Interconnection — and Texas Interconnection.

The Texas grid is called ERCOT (Electric Reliability Council of Texas). It covers 90% of the state's electric load except for El Paso and the upper Panhandle, and East Texas. Local utilities under ERCOT have pledged not to sell their power to out-of-state customers. Texas grid's independence dates back to World War II.

While there is little pressure to integrate ERCOT into the national grid, that could all change with the latest wave of blackouts across the Lone Star State. It was a function of how many generators we are able to get back on line, especially gas and coal. The grid became short of at least 18.5 GW. That is a staggering number, which equals probably to ~3 million homes.

The Southwest Power Pool (SSP), which manages the electric grid and wholesale power market for the central USA, including Kansas, Oklahoma, portions of New Mexico, Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana, Missouri, Minnesota, Iowa, Wyoming, and Nebraska, said that blackouts would continue for a second day.

Houston Police Chief Art Acevedo tweeted that a weather-related death was reported Monday night. He said exposure to "extremely low temperatures" was the cause of death.

ERCOT wholesale electricity prices topped the grid's price cap of $9,000 per megawatt-hour several times in the overnight session. Reminding readers, ERCOT prices are usually around $25/MWh.

DISCUSSION

Rolling blackouts have set off a chain reaction of problems. Some water treatment plants and cell phone networks went offline.  Several metro areas across central Texas warned of water issues. Due to a prolonged power outage at the water treatment plant, Pflugerville is under a boil water notice. Customers must boil their water prior to consumption.

In many places the gas pipeline companies were pressured to 'go low carbon' by replacing gas powered compressors with electric compressors hooked up to the grid, a misguided choice, as they logically must be independent of the grid.. When the grid fails the compressors fail and then the gas pipeline distribution system loses pressure and fails, thus exacerbating the problem of trying to meet excessive demand during unusual weather.

The wholesale gas companies sell in open markets and some companies/utilities cannot even bid at highly elevated prices as they do not have the funds to pay. Back-up power was temporarily so expensive that that the power providers decided not to buy it and cut the customers off, instead. It was a commercial, not a technical decision.

Others will have to rely on their downstream contracts with their customers and pass on the costs or they will go bankrupt and there will be even further pressure on the grid and distribution systems -particularly in rural and poor communities.

Virus Fears
M. Ragheb

     The SARS-CoV-2 /Covid-19 virus is continuing its spread across the globe  with more than 60 million confirmed cases in 190 countries and more than 1.4 million deaths as of November 2020.  Positive news from vaccine trials suggest that the light at the end of the long, dark tunnel is growing brighter. Mutations into less virulent strains may lead to a fizzle as herd immunity is attained like in previous pandemics.

    Some 3,278 colleges and universities across the USA have been impacted by the SARS-CoV-2 /Covid-19 pandemic as it is tragically culling a vulnerable fraction of the World's population with prior co-morbidities. It is claimed that 26,000 nursing home residents perished in New York when they took infected patients. Until the virus eventually mutates into a less virulent seasonal or permanent strain, herd immunity is established, or eradication by vaccination of the virus is achieved like smallpox, many campuses are partially limiting local access and accelerating an already-occurring phase-change trend into online synchronous, asynchronous, as well as blended remote education models. Students on campuses adopted a mix of in-person, online and hybrid courses, blending the options.
    These adopted measures are affecting more than 22 million students; some being tested once or twice every week on some campuses that have partially closed, as even a low infection rate on  a crowded college campus can exponentially grow out of control relatively fast. SARS-CoV-2 /Covid-19 is presented as a serious enough threat to justify imposing e-mailed draconian health safety rules. Some administrations adopted Zero Tolerance policies regarding mask wearing,  social distancing, gatherings sizes, measurements with an IR (Infra Red) thermometer on the forehead, frequent testing that lacks specificity, and a plethora of useful rules and some less-useful hysterical restrictions. . According to the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention), young people rarely suffer from the SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19 virus, but over 80 percent of deaths have occurred in people 65 years old and older. Among these,  94 percent  had other health issues.  Among those that died there was an average of 2.6 other co-morbidities.
    As the winter seasons bring people closely indoors into enclosed environments with or without central air circulation conditions that are favorable to the spread of a possibly airborne infectious agent such as Tuberculosis (TB), a basic Reproduction Number R above unity could possibly be expected if the SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19 pandemic mutations, whether determined to be of natural origin or as an escaped suspected airborne aerosolized Gain Of Function (GOF) research outcome with virulence and infectivity enhanced from-suspected attached HIV strings into its genome. 
    The New York Times in the USA and the South China Morning Post, SCMP in Hong Kong poiut out the realization that the SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19 coronavirus not only shares genetic material with HIV, but also evades and cripples the immune system in a similar way to HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).  According to Wikipedia:  “The human immunodeficiency viruses are two species of Lentivirus that infect humans. Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a condition in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. HIV is a member of the genus Lentivirus, part of the family Retroviridae.  Lentiviruses have many morphologies and biological properties in common. Many species are infected by lentiviruses, which are characteristically responsible for long-duration illnesses with a long incubation period. Lentiviruses are transmitted as single-stranded, positive-sense, enveloped RNA viruses."
    According to Mayo Clinic, USA: “HIV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). It can also be spread by contact with infected blood or from mother to child during pregnancy, child-birth or breast-feeding. Without medication, it may take years before HIV weakens your immune system to the point that you have AIDS. There is no cure for HIV/AIDS, but medications can dramatically slow the progression of the disease.”
    SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19 is evolving into becoming the third leading cause of death in the USA, after cancer and heart disease, and ahead of stroke, Alzheimer's disease, drug overdoses, and suicide. 
    Wikipedia describes SARS  as: "Severe acute respiratory syndrome is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by Severe acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, the first-identified strain of the SARS coronavirus species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus. The syndrome caused the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak. The 2002-2004 SARS outbreak was an epidemic involving severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1). The outbreak was first identified in Foshan, Guangdong, China, on 16 November 2002.. Over 8,000 people from 29 different countries and territories were infected, and at least 774 died worldwide." SARS-CoV-1 is thought to be an animal virus from an as-yet-uncertain animal reservoir; perhaps bats. snakes, ferrets  or pangolins,  that spread to other animals such as civet cats, and first infected humans in the Guangdong province of southern China in 2002."
    Compared with past pandemics and seasonal flu seasons in the USA:
1. 1918/1919 Spanish Flu pandemic: 675,000 deaths,
2. 2018-19 influenza season: 34,200 deaths,
3. 2009 swine influenza pandemic: 12,469 deaths,
4. 2002-2004 SARS-CoV-1: 774 deaths.
    Reliable vaccines with long-enough shelf-life; out of the 160 that were under development, that are at least 50 percent effective and lasting for at least 6 months are anticipated.
    To all and everyone; students, their families, their teachers and communities at large, we wish you and pray for good health and well-being.

Magdi.Ragheb, Virus and other Societal Risks, Risk Quantification

Magdi Ragheb, "Fault Tree Analysis and Enhanced Configurations of Angle of Attack (AoA) Sensors as Part of MCAS"
https://www.mragheb.com/NPRE%20457%20CSE%20462%20Safety%20Analysis%20of%20Nuclear%20Reactor%20Systems/Risk%20Quantification.pdf

Magdi Ragheb, Possibility of Deuteron Disintegration in Condensed Matter, A Review

M. Shaheen and M. Ragheb,
"Anomalous Deuteron to Hydrogen Ratio in Naturally Occurring Fission Reactions and the Possibility of Deuteron Disintegration,
" Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Articles, Vol. 158, N0.2, pp. 323-342, 1992.

M. Ragheb and G. H. Miley, "Deuteron Disintegration in Condensed Media," 
Journal of Fusion Energy, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 429-435, 1990.

Magdi Ragheb and George H. Miley,
"On the Possibility of Deuteron Disintegration in Electrochemically Compressed D+ in a Palladium Cathode,"
 Fusion Technology, Vol. 16, pp. 243- 247, Sep. 1989.

M. Shaheen, M, Ragheb, G. H. Miley, H. Hora, J. Kelly,
"Anomalous Deuteron to Hydrogen Ratio in Oklo Samples and the Possibility of Deuteron Disintegration,"
 "The Science of Cold Fusion," T. Bressani, E. Del Gyudice and G. Preparata, Eds., Conference Proceeding Vol. 33, SIF, Bologna, 1991.

Magdi Ragheb, Tree Rustling at Seven Hills in Central Illinois

Magdi Ragheb, French and German Children's Crusades The Pied Piper Legend

BRIGHT MINDS, CREATIVE THOUGHTS

Sir Tim Berners-Lee, "Thirty years on,  what is next For The Web?", World Wide Web Foundation, March 11, 2019,           https://webfoundation.org/2019/03/web-birthday-30/
Richard Feynman: "Cargo Cult Science"
Isaac Asimov: "The Future of Energy, Climate, Education and Humanity"
Bill Joy: "Why The Future Does Not Need Us"
Henry David Thoreau
An Old Farmer's Advice
Suggestions for New (and Old) Students to Consider
Robert Frost: "The Road Not Taken"

"Do not follow where the path may lead.
Go instead where there is no path and leave a trail."
Ralph Waldo Emerson

"The best way to have a good idea is to have lots of ideas."
Dr. Linus Pauling, double Nobel Prize winning chemist and peace activist
=================================================================================================

Select Publications

Book Chapters

Magdi Ragheb (2017), "Economics of Wind Power Generation," Chap. 25, Part VI, Financial Modeling/Wind Economics, pp. 537 -554, in: Trevor M. Letcher, Ed., "Wind Energy Engineering, A Handbook for Onshore and Offshore Wind Turbines," Academic Press, Elsevier, 2017.

Magdi Ragheb (2017), "History of Harnessing Wind Power," Chap. 7, Part III, Wind Turbine Technology, pp. 127 - 142, in: Trevor M. Letcher, Ed., "Wind Energy Engineering, A Handbook for Onshore and Offshore Wind Turbines," Academic Press, Elsevier, 2017.

Magdi Ragheb (2011). "Nuclear Naval Propulsion,"
Nuclear Power - Deployment, Operation and Sustainability, Pavel Tsvetkov (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-474-0,
 InTech, http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/nuclear-naval-propulsion

Magdi Ragheb (2011). "Thorium Fission and Fission-Fusion Fuel Cycle,"
Nuclear Power - Deployment, Operation and Sustainability, Pavel Tsvetkov (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-474-0,
InTech, http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/thorium-fission-and-fission-fusion-fuel-cycle

Magdi Ragheb and Adam M. Ragheb (2011). "Wind Turbines Theory - The Betz Equation and Optimal Rotor Tip Speed Ratio,"
 Fundamental and Advanced Topics in Wind Power, Rupp Carriveau (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-508-2,
 InTech, http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/wind-turbines-theory-the-betz-equation-and-optimal-rotor-tip-speed-ratio

Adam M. Ragheb and Magdi Ragheb (2011). "Wind Turbine Gearbox Technologies,"
Fundamental and Advanced Topics in Wind Power, Rupp Carriveau (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-508-2,
InTech,  http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/wind-turbine-gearbox-technologies

M. Ragheb and D. Gvillo, "Hybrid Symbolic-Procedural Programming Methodology for Monte Carlo Particle Transport Simulations,"
Science and Engineering on Cray Supercomputers, A Cray Research Inc. Book,
Proc. of the Third International Symposium, Minneapolis, Minnesota, pp. 491-515,  September 1987.

Yoshioka, R., Kinoshita, M., Jorgensen, L., & Ragheb, M. (2017). Environment, waste, and resources. In Molten Salt Reactors and Thorium Energy (pp. 231-259). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-101126-3.00009-9

Journal Papers

Magdi Ragheb,  "Lanchester Law, Shock and Awe Strategies," J. Def. Manag. 2015, 6:1,
http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-0374.1000137

Magdi Ragheb, "Fusion Fission Hybrid as an Early Introduction of Fusion and The Thorium Cycle,"
i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering & Technology, Vol. 5, No. 1,  pp. 1-14, August-October, 2009. 

Magdi Ragheb, "Restoring The Global Equatorial Ocean Current Using Nuclear Excavation,"
i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering & Technology, Vol. 5, No. 1,  pp. 74-82, August-October, 2009. 

M. Shaheen and M. Ragheb, "Anomalous Deuteron to Hydrogen Ratio in Naturally Occurring Fission Reactions and the Possibility of Deuteron Disintegration,"
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Articles, Vol. 158, N0.2, pp. 323-342, 1992.

M. Ragheb and G. H. Miley, "Deuteron Disintegration in Condensed Media,"
Journal of Fusion Energy, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 429-435, 1990.

Magdi Ragheb and George H. Miley, "On the Possibility of Deuteron Disintegration in Electrochemically Compressed D+ in a Palladium Cathode,"
 Fusion Technology, Vol. 16, pp. 243- 247, Sep. 1989.

Jai Ki Lee, Arthur B. Chilton, and Magdi Ragheb, "Effects of Cross-Section Structure on the Dosimetric Response Functions for 0.4 to 10.0 MeV Neutrons in the ICRU Tissue Sphere,"
Radiation  Research, Vol. 107, pp. 147-162, 1986.

Magdi Ragheb, George Miley, James Stubbins, and Chan Choi, "Alternate Approach to Inertial Confinement Fusion with Low Tritium Inventories and High Power Densities,"
Journal of Fusion Energy, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 339-351, 1985.

Magdi M. H. Ragheb, "Chain Segmentation for the Monte Carlo Solution of Particle Transport Problems,"
Nuclear Technology/Fusion, Vol. 5, pp. 115-137,January 1984.

Magdi M. H. Ragheb, "Optimized Fissile and Fusile Breeding in a Laser-Fusion Fissile-Enrichment Flux Trap Blanket,"
Journal of Fusion Energy, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 285-298, 1981.

Magdi M. H. Ragheb, Gregory A. Moses and Charles W. Maynard, "Pellet and Pellet-Blanket Neutronics and Photonics for Electron Beam Fusion,"
Nuclear Technology, Vol. 48, pp. 16-32, April 1980.

Articles

Magdi Ragheb, "Tight Natural Gas as a Bridge Fuel Toward Renewables,"
 NBIZ Magazine, pp. 21-29, Winter 2011.

Magdi Ragheb, "Accidente por apagon en Fukushima,"
Seguridad y Medio Ambiente, Year 31, No. 122, pp. 2-22, Segundo Trimestre, 2011.

Magdi Ragheb, "Station Blackout Accident at Fukushima,"
Seguridad y Medio Ambiente, Year 31, No. 122, pp.2-22, 2011.
 http://www.mapfre.com/fundacion/html/revistas/seguridad/n122/articulo1En.html

Dan Rehfeldt and Magdi Ragheb, "Building Expert Systems in Prolog on the Explorer Machine,"
TI Professional Computing, Vol. 3, No.6, pp. 12-27.  June 1986.

Videos

Magdi Ragheb, Restoring Relevance to Nuclear Energy - Future Innovation Strategies - Magdi Ragheb @ TEAC8
Invited paper, the Thorium Energy Alliance 8th Annual Future of Energy Conference,
Saint Louis Union Station Hotel, Saint-Louis, Missouri, August 21-22, 2017.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhbhj9BbsHI

Magdi Ragheb, "Thorium Fuel Cycle using Electrostatic and Electrodynamic Neutrons Generators," Thorium Energy Alliance Conference, TEAC4, Chicago, Illinois, USA,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=TCm0jW5Bjdg, July 12 2012.
http://www.thoriumenergyalliance.com/ThoriumSite/TEAC4.ht
http://youtube.com/watch?v=TCm0jW5Bjdg
http://youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscreen&v=TCm0jW5Bjdg
http://video.exstrim-bog.ru/watch/TCm0jW5Bjdg/magdi-ragheb-thorium-fuel-cycle-using-electrostatic-electrodynamic-neutron-generators-teac4.html

Magdi Ragheb and Brandon Spencer, "Alternative Cooling Systems for Th-MSR Breeder,"  Thorium Energy Alliance Conference, TEAC6, Chicago, Illinois, USA,
http://video.exstrim-bog.ru/watch/869aTKh9ZJY/magdi-ragheb-alternative-cooling-systems-for-th-msr-breeder-teac6.html

Magdi Ragheb, "Nuclear Watch:  Fukushima Earthquake and Tsunami Blackout Accident," 2013,
http://video.exstrim-bog.ru/watch/WdPR0otIuGc/nuclear-watch-fukushima-earthquake-and-tsunami-station-blackout-accident-by-dr-magdi-ragheb-2013.html

Conference Papers

Jason Roemer and Magdi Ragheb, "Restoring Relevance to Nuclear Energy, Future Innovation Strategies," Invited paper, the Thorium Energy Alliance 8th Annual Future of Energy Conference,
Saint Louis Union Station Hotel, Saint-Louis, Missouri, August 21-22, 2017.
Power Point Presentation

Magdi Ragheb, "Overview of the Thorium Fuel Cycle," Thorium Energy Alliance 7, Critical Metals, Policy and Energy Conference, Stanford Sheraton, Palo Alto, California, USA, June 3-4, 2015.
Power Point Presentation.

Mahmoud Mohammed and Magdi Ragheb, "Desert Development Corridor Energy Systems Integration," 10th International Conference on the "Role of Engineering Towards a Better Environment, RETBE14, Alexandria University, Faculty of Engineering, 15-17 December 2014.
Abstract. Power Point Presentation.

Rachel Beck and Magdi Ragheb, "Production of Carbon-Neutral Hydrocarbons From CO₂ and H₂ In Lieu of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)," 10th International Conference on "Role of Engineering Towards a Better Environment, RETBE14, Alexandria University, Faculty of Engineering, 15-17 December 2014.
Abstract. Power Point Presentation.

Brandon Spencer and Magdi Ragheb, "Alternative Cooling Systems for the Thorium Fuel Cycle Molten Salt Breeder," Thorium Energy Alliance's Critical Metals, Policy and Energy Conference, Loyola University, Kasbeer Hall, Water Tower Campus, 25 E. Pearson, Chicago, Illinois, USA, May 29-30, 2014.

Monish Singh and Magdi Ragheb, "Fail-Safe, Source-Driven Thorium Reactors," Thorium Energy Alliance 5th Annual Future of Energy Conference,
Loyola University, Regents Hall, Water Tower Campus, 111 Pearson, Chicago, Illinois, USA, May 30-31, 2013.

Patricia Weisensee and Magdi Ragheb, "Integrated Wind and Solar Qattara Depression Project with Pumped Storage as Part of Desertec,"  
The Role of Engineering Towards a Better Environment, RETBE’12, 9th International Conference, Alexandria University, Faculty of Engineering, December 22-24, 2012.
Power Point Presentation.

Magdi Ragheb and Monish Singh, "Electrodynamic Inertial Fusion Generators and Fission Satellites,"
Thorium Energy Alliance 4th Annual 'Future of Energy' Conference," Loyola University, Water Tower Campus, Chicago, Illinois, USA, May31-June 1, 2012.

Magdi Ragheb and Monish Singh, "Thorium Fuel Cycle Using Electrostatic and Electrodynamic Neutron Generators,"
Thorium Energy Alliance 4th Annual 'Future of Energy' Conference," Loyola University, Water Tower Campus, Chicago, Illinois, USA, May31-June 1, 2012.

Magdi Ragheb, "Coupling Wind Power as a Renewable Source to Nuclear Energy as a Conventional Energy Option,"
Invited Paper submitted for presentation at the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World - Arab Regional Office,
TWAS-ARO, 7^th Annual Meeting Seminar: “Water, Nuclear and Renewable Energies: Challenges Versus Opportunities” Conference,
Center for Special Studies and Programs, CSSP, Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt, December 28-29, 2011.
http://www.bibalex.org/CSSP/Presentations/Attachments/Coupling%20Wind%20Power%20as%20a%20Renewable%20Resource%20to%20Nuclear%20Energy%20as%20a%20Conventional%20Energy%20Option.pdf

Magdi Ragheb and Lefteri Tsoukalas, " Global and USA Thorium and Rare Earth Elements Resources,"
Proceedings of the "2nd Thorium Energy Alliance Conference, The Future Thorium Energy Economy," Google Campus, Mountain View, California, USA, March 29-30, 2010.

Blake Stevens and Magdi Ragheb, "Atmospheric Heat Fluxes and Restoration of Circumglobal Current,"
Proceedings of the 1st International Nuclear and Renewable Energy Conference (INREC10), Amman, Jordan, March 21-24, 2010.

Kate Rogers and Magdi Ragheb, " Symbiotic Coupling of Wind Power and Nuclear Power Generation,"
Proceedings of the 1st International Nuclear and Renewable Energy Conference (INREC10), Amman, Jordan, March 21-24, 2010.

Magdi Ragheb and Ayman Nour Eldin, "Fissile and Fusile Breeding in the Thorium Fission Fusion Hybrid,"
Proceedings of the 1st International Nuclear and Renewable Energy Conference (INREC10), Amman, Jordan, March 21-24, 2010.

Magdi Ragheband Laith AlBarakat, "Incidence and Likelihood Risk and Safety Indices,"
Proceedings of the 1st International Nuclear and Renewable Energy Conference (INREC10), Amman, Jordan, March 21-24, 2010.

Magdi Ragheb, "Single and Dual Purpose Nuclear Desalination,"
Proceedings of the 1st International Nuclear and Renewable Energy Conference (INREC10), Amman, Jordan, March 21-24, 2010.

Ryan McLaren and Magdi Ragheb, "Nuclear Propulsion Choices for Space Exploration,"
Proceedings of the 1st International Nuclear and Renewable Energy Conference (INREC10), Amman, Jordan, March 21-24, 2010.

Magdi Ragheb and Mohammed Khasawneh, "Uranium Fuel as Byproduct of Phosphate Fertilizer Production,"
Proceedings of the 1st International Nuclear and Renewable Energy Conference (INREC10), Amman, Jordan, March 21-24, 2010.

Adam Ragheb and Magdi Ragheb, "Wind Turbine Gearbox Technologies,"
Proceedings of the 1st International Nuclear and Renewable Energy Conference (INREC10), Amman, Jordan, March 21-24, 2010.

Magdi Ragheb, "The Fusion Fission Hybrid Thorium Fuel Cycle Alternative ,"
Graduate Seminar, Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign,
103 Talbot Laboratory, USA, February 10, 2010.

Magdi Ragheb and Ayman NourEldin, "The Fusion Fission Thorium Hybrid,"
"1st Thorium Energy Alliance Conference, The Future Thorium Energy Economy,"  Kellog Conference Center,
Gallaudet University, Washington D. C. 2002-3695, USA, October 19-20, 2009.

J. R. Lee, G. H. Miley, N. Luo and M. Ragheb, "Radioisotopic Battery With Vacuum Electrical Insulation,"
5th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit, IECEC, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
AIAA 2007-4750, St. Louis, Missouri, pp. 1-13, 25-27 June 2007.

M. Shaheen, M, Ragheb, G. H. Miley, H. Hora, J. Kelly, "Anomalous Deuteron to Hydrogen Ratio in Oklo Samples and the Possibility of Deuteron Disintegration," "The Science of Cold Fusion," T. Bressani, E. Del Gyudice and G. Preparata, Eds., Conference Proceeding Vol. 33, SIF, Bologna, 1991.

L. Tsoukalas, G. W. Lee, M. Ragheb, "Anticipatory Monitoring and Control in a Process Environment,"
IEA/AIE '89 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems,
Volume 1,  pp.278-287, 1989, Digital Library, Association of Computing Machinery, ACM.

M. Ragheb and M. Abdelhai, "Uncertainty Propagation in Fault Trees Using a Quantile Arithmetic Methodology,"
Transactions of the 9th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology, Folker H. Wittmann, Editor,
Lausanne, pp. 403-408, August 17-21, 1987.

M. Ragheb, M. Abdelhai, "Model-Based Analysis System for Tracking of Limiting Conditions for Operation and Surveillance Requirements in Power Plants,"
 Proc. SPIE 0786, Applications of Artificial Intelligence V, 138, May 11, 1987.

Magdi Ragheb, Doug Haseltine, "Neutronics and photonics of Inertial Confinement Fusion Pellets with Internal Breeding,"
 Journal of Fusion Energy, Volume 3, issue 4, pp. 283-302, August 1983.

Nie Luo, Magdi ragheb, George Miley, "Nuclear Bremstrahlung and its Radiation Effects in Fusion Reactors,"
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Volume 51, issue 3, pp. 035003-035003, March 1, 2009.

Magdi Ragheb and Dennis Gvillo, "Development of Model-Based Fault-Identification Systems on Microcomputers,"
Conference Volume 0635, Applications of Artificial Intelligence III, John F. Gilmore, ed., Orlando, Florida, April 1, 1986.

Magdi Ragheb, Dennis Gvillo, and Henry Makowitz, "Symbolic Simulation of Engineering Systems on a Supercomputer,"
Conference Volume 0635, Applications of Artificial Intelligence III, John F. Gilmore, ed., Orlando, Florida, April 1, 1986.

D. Gvillo, M. Ragheb. M. Parker, S. Swartz, "Situation-Assessment and Decision-Aid Production-Rule Analysis System for Nuclear Plant Monitoring and Emergency Preparedeness,"
SPIE Digital Library, Proc. SPIE 0786, Applications of Artificial Intelligence V, John F. Gilmore, ed.  347, May 18, 1987.

L. Tsoukalas, M. Ragheb, Coupled Probabilistic and Possibilistic Uncertainty Estimation in Rule-Based Analysis," SPIE Digital Library, Proc.
SPIE 0786, Applications of Artificial Intelligence V, John F. Gilmore, ed.  79, May 18, 1987.

Magdi Ragheb and Dennis Gvillo, "A General-Purpose Inference-Engine for Cray Supercomputers,"
Third International Conference on "Science and Engineering on Cray Supercomputers," Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55120-1095, September 9-11, 1987.

Book Reviews

Magdi M. H. Ragheb, Book Review, Weston M. Stacey, Jr., "Fusion Plasma Analysis,"
Nuclear Technology/Fusion, Vol. 7, pp. 570-573, October 1981.

Magdi M. H. Ragheb and Thomas J. Higgins, Book Review, J. O. McVeigh,  "Sun Power: An Introduction to the Applications of Solar Energy,"
 IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. NS-25, No. 3, pp.1032-1034, June 1978.

Magdi M. H. Ragheb and Thomas J. Higgins, Book Review, P. Silvennoiem, "Reactor Core Fuel Management,"
 IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol.  NS-25, No. 3, pp. 1034-1036, June 1978.

Magdi M. H. Ragheb and Thomas J. Higgins, Book Review, Ernest J. Henley and Jeffrey Lewins, "Advances in Nuclear Science and Technology,"
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. NS-24, No. 4, pp. 1980-1982, August 1977.

Magdi M. H. Ragheb and Thomas J. Higgins, Book Review, T. Kammash, "Fusion Reactor Physics, Principles and Technology,"
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. NS-23, No. 3, pp. 1304-1306, June 1976.

Magdi M. H. Ragheb and Thomas J. Higgins, Book Review, Michael H. R. Williams, "Random Processes in Nuclear Reactors,"
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. NS-22, No. 5, pp. 2121-2122, October 1975.

Technical Reports

Magdi M. Ragheb and Charles W. Maynard, "A Version of the Morse Multigroup Transport Code for Fusion Reactors Blankets and Shield Studies,"
BNL 20376, Department of Applied Science (DAS) , Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, August 30, 1975.
http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/4184695-v52TYk/418695.pdf

M. M. H. Ragheb, R. T. Santoro, J. M. Barnes and M. J. Saltmarsh, "Nuclear Performance of Molten Salt Fusion-Fission Symbiotic Systems for Catalyzed DD and DT Reactors,"
ORNL/TM-6560, UC-20d, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Engineering Physics Division,  March 1979.

M .M. H. Ragheb and C.W. Maynard, "Three-Dimensional Neutronics for a Fusion Power Plant Non-Mobile Gas-Cooled Solid Blanket," 
UWFDM-92, February 7, 1975. (75 pages, 2.5 MB)

M. M. H. Ragheb, C.W. Maynard, and R. W. Conn, "An Optimal Multistage Sequential Monte Carlo Method," 
UWFDM-170, August 1974. (27 pages, 1.2 MB)

R.W. Conn, S. I. Abdel-Khalik, G. A. Moses, E. T. Cheng, G. Cooper, J. Howard, G. L. Kulcinski, E. Larsen, E. Lovell, G. Magelssen, I. N. Sviatoslavsky,
W. Wolfer, F. Beranek, S. K. Chang, R. Droll, N. Ghoniem, T. Hunter, M. Ortman, R. Spencer, G. Shuy, and M. Ragheb,
"Studies of the Technological Problems of Laser Driven Fusion Reactors - Annual Report I,"
UWFDN-190, December 1976. (528 pages, 16 MB)

B. Badger, G. L. Kulcinski, R.W. Conn, C. W. Maynard, K. Audenaerde, H. Avci, D. Blackfield, R. W. Boom, E. Cheng, J. R. Conrad, S. Dalhed,
G. A. Emmert, B. Feinberg, Y. Gohar, S. Hong, J. Kesner, E. Larsen, P. F. Michaelson, K. Okula, M. Ragheb, E. Ramer, J. Scharer, D. Schluderberg,
T. Sung, I. N. Sviatoslavsky, D. K. Sze, W. F. Vogelsang, P. Wilkes, W. R. Wilkes, L. Wittenberg, J. Wrazel, T. Wu, T. Yang, J. Young, and W. C. Young, "
TETR: A Tokamak Engineering Test Reactor to Qualify Materials and Blanket Components for Early DT Fusion Power Reactors,"
UWFDM-191, February 1977. (940 pages, 32 MB)
 
M. M. H. Ragheb, Y. M. Gohar, and C. W. Maynard, "Effect of Particle Histories Termination Parameters on Monte Carlo Estimates in Fusion Reactor Blanket Scoping Studies,"
 UWFDM-192, February 1977. (43 pages, 2.0 MB)

M. M. H. Ragheb, E. T. Cheng, and R. W. Conn, "Comparative One-Dimensional Monte Carlo and Discrete Ordinates Neutronics and Photonics Analysis for a Laser Fusion Reactor Blanket with Li2O Particles as Coolant and Breeder," UWFDM-193, January 1977. (42 pages, 1.7 MB)

M. M. H. Ragheb and C. W. Maynard, "Effect of Experiments-Size Parameters on Monte Carlo Estimates in Fusion Reactor Blanket Simulations,"
 UWFDM-206, June 1977. (42 pages, 1.8 MB)

M. H. Ragheb, E. T. Cheng, and R. W. Conn, "Monte Carlo Study of Asymmetry Effects in a Lithium Oxide Blanket for a Laser Driven Reactor,"
UWFDM-207,  June 1977. (32 pages, 1.4 MB)

M. M. H. Ragheb and C. W. Maynard, "Calculated Neutron and Gamma Irradiation Response of Actively Cooled Mirrors for Laser Fusion Power Reactors,"
UWFDM-218,  October 1977. (42 pages, 1.5 MB)

R. W. Conn, S. I. Abdel-Khalik, G. A. Moses, F. Beranek, E. T. Cheng, G. W. Cooper, R. B. Droll, T. Henderson, J. Howard, T. O. Hunter,
E. M. Larsen, G. L. Kulcinski, E.  G. Lovell, G. R. Magelssen, C. W. Maynard, K. R. Okula, M. Ortman, M. Ragheb, W. B. Rensel,
D. Solomon, R. Spencer, I. N. Sviatoslavsky, W. F. Vogelsang, R. D. Watson, and W. G. Wolfer, "
SOLASE - A Conceptual Laser Fusion Reactor Design,"
UWFDM-220, December 1977. (1122 pages, 34 MB) [

M. M. H. Ragheb, A.C. Klein, and C.W. Maynard, "Three-Dimensional Neutronics Analysis of the Mirrors-Beam Duct-Shield System for a Laser Driven Power Reactor," 
 UWFDM-239, March 1978. (88 pages, 3.2 MB)

M. Ragheb and C. W. Maynard, "Monte Carlo Statistical Weighting Methods for External-Source-Driven Multiplying Systems,"
UWFDM-265, October 1978 [Proc. of the ANS Topical Mtg. on Computational Methods in Nuclear Engr., April 1979, Williamsburg, VA, 11, 7-11 (1979)]. (26 pages, 1.2 MB)

M. M. H. Ragheb, M. Z. Youssef, S. I. Abdel-Khalik, and C. W. Maynard, "Three-Dimensional Neutronics Analysis of the SOLASE-H Laser Reactor Fissile-Enrichment-Fuel-Factory," 
UWFDM-266, November 1978. (58 pages, 2.3 MB)

R. W. Conn, S. I. Abdel-Khalik, G. A. Moses, G. W. Cooper, J. E. Howard, G. L. Kulcinski, E. Larsen, C. W. Maynard, M. Ragheb, I. N. Sviatoslavsky,
W. F. Vogelsang, W .G. Wolfer, M. Ortman, D. Smatlak, R. Watson, and M. Youssef, "SOLASE-H, A Laser Fusion Hybrid Study,"
UWFDM-270, May 1979 (revised October 1979). (477 pages, 16 MB)

M. M. H. Ragheb, G. Moses, and C. W. Maynard, "Pellet and Pellet-Blanket Time-Dependent and Time-Integrated Neutronics and Photonics for Electron-Beam-Fusion Microexplosions,"
UWFDM-295,  May 1979. (48 pages, 2.0 MB)

R.W. Conn, S.I. Abdel-Khalik, G.A. Moses, F. Beranek, E.T. Cheng, G.W. Cooper, R.B. Droll, T. Henderson, J. Howard, T.O. Hunter, E.M. Larsen, G.L. Kulcinski,
E.G. Lovell, G.R. Magelssen, C.W. Maynard, K.R. Okula, M. Ortman, M. Ragheb, W.B. Rensel, D. Solomon, R. Spencer, I.N. Sviatoslavsky, W.F. Vogelsang, R.D. Watson, and W.G. Wolfer, "
SOLASE - A Laser Fusion Reactor Study - Summary and Conclusions,"
UWFDM-301, April 1979. (40 pages, 1.6 MB)

R.W. Conn, S.I. Abdel-Khalik, G.A. Moses, F. Beranek, E.T. Cheng, G.W. Cooper, R.B. Droll, T. Henderson, J. Howard, T.O. Hunter, E.M. Larsen,
G.L. Kulcinski, E.G. Lovell, G.R. Magelssen, C.W. Maynard, K.R. Okula, M. Ortman, M. Ragheb, W.B. Rensel, D. Solomon, R. Spencer,
 I.N. Sviatoslavsky, W.F. Vogelsang, R.D. Watson, and W.G. Wolfer, "
Appendix - Detailed Summaries and Conclusions for Different Subsystems in SOLASE,",
UWFDM-301a, April 1979. (30 pages, 1.6 MB)[

M. Ragheb, "Implementation Considerations of Coupling Dedicated Fissile and Fusile Production Fusion and Fission Reactors," 
UWFDM-309, August 1979. (50 pages, 2.0 MB)

G.A. Moses, S. I. Abdel-Khalik, D. Drake, R. Engelstad, G. L. Kulcinski, R. Lewis, E. Lovell, T. McCarville, L. Peranich, R. R. Peterson, M. Ragheb, R. Spencer, "
First Wall and Cavity Design Studies for a Light Ion Beam Driven Fusion Reactor,"
UWFDM-320, October 1979. (87 pages, 3.9 MB)

B. Badger, K. Audenaerde, H. Avci, J. Beyer, D. Blackfield, R. W. Boom, E. Cameron, E. Cheng, R. W. Conn, G.A. Emmert, M. Gordinier, S. Hong,
J. Kesner, A. Klein, G. L. Kulcinski, L. Lao, E. Larsen, L. P. Mai, T. K. Mau, C. W. Maynard, P. Michaelson, G. O'Donnell, M. Ortman, M. Ragheb,
J. Scharer, D. C. Schluderberg, I. N. Sviatoslavsky, D. K. Sze, T. Thornton, W. F. Vogelsang, P. Wilkes, J. Williams, T. Wu, J. Wrazel, and W. C. Young,
 "NUWMAK - A Tokamak Reactor Design Study,"
UWFDM-330, March 1979. (756 pages, 28 MB)

B. Badger, K. Audenaerde, H. Avci, J. Beyer, D. Blackfield, E. Cameron, E. Cheng, R. W. Conn, G. A. Emmert, M. Gordinier, S. Hong, J. Kesner,
A. Klein, G.L. Kulcinski, L. Lao, E. Larsen, L.P. Mai, T.K. Mau, C.W. Maynard, P. Michaelson, G. O'Donnell, M. Ortman, M. Ragheb, J. Scharer,
D. C. Schluderberg, I. N. Sviatoslavsky, D. K. Sze, T. Thornton, W.F. Vogelsang, P. Wilkes, J. Williams, T. Wu, J. Wrazel, and W. C. Young,
"NUWMAK - A Tokamak Reactor Design Study - Chapter I (Design Philosophy) & II (Overview and Summary),"
UWFDM-330a, March 1979. (41 pages, 2.2 MB)

S. I. Abdel-Khalik, R. W. Conn, D. Henderson, F. Kantrowitz, G .L. Kulcinski, E. M. Larsen, G. A. Moses, M. S. Ortman, M. Ragheb, W. F. Vogelsang, and M. Z. Youssef,
"Summary of the Fusion-Fission Hybrid Fuel Cycle Analysis (Tritiumless Hybrids?),"
UWFDM-337, December 1979. (36 pages, 2.1 MB)

G.L. Kulcinski, G.A. Emmert, C.W. Maynard, K. Audenaerde, J. Beyer, D. Braun, J.D. Callen, J.M. Gilmore, J. Kesner, D.C. Larbalestier, E. Larsen, X. Li,
W. Maurer, M. Ortman, R. Perry, M. Ragheb, J. Santarius, J. Scharer, D. Schluderberg, K. Shaing, I.N. Sviatoslavsky, D.K. Sze, W.F. Vogelsang, A. White, and T. Yang,
"A Commercial Tandem Mirror Reactor Design With Thermal Barriers - WITAMIR-I,"
UWFDM-375,  October 1980 [Proc. of the 4th ANS Topical Meeting, King of Prussia, PA, Oct. 1980]. (16 pages, 1.2 MB)

M. Ragheb and C. W. Maynard, "Neutronics Shielding Analysis for the End Plug of a Tandem Mirror Fusion Reactor," 
UWFDM-398, January 1981. (41 pages, 1.6 MB)

B. Badger, K. Audenaerde, J.B. Beyer, D. Braun, J.D. Callen, G.A. Emmert, J.M. Gilmore, N. Hoffman, J. Kesner, G.L. Kulcinski, D.C. Larbalestier,
E. Larsen, X. Li, W. Maurer, C.W. Maynard, I. Ojalvo, M. Ortman, R. Perry, M. Ragheb, J. Santarius, J. Scharer, D. Schluderberg, K. Shaing,
 I. Sviatoslavsky, D.K. Sze, W.F. Vogelsang, A. White, P. Wilkes, and T. Yang,
 "WITAMIR-I, A University of Wisconsin Tandem Mirror Reactor Design,"
UWFDM-400, September 1980. (447 pages, 16 MB

Magdi Ragheb et. al.  "Fusion Technology Institute, FTI, University of Wisconsin-Madison ," Reports, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Patent

German patent #4,027,784, "Cold Fusion Device for Energy Generation - with Metal Layers Forming Interfaces," 4-30-1992,
http://.rexresearch.com/coldfusn/coldfusn.htm

Citations

Power and Energy, Onshore and Afloat, Purdue University, Course Number: CNIT 58100 (CRN: 19642), Fall 2017.
https://www.purdue.edu/discoverypark/energy/documents/Navy%20STEM%20course%20abstracts%20and%20readings%20August%2023,%202017.pdf

A Nuclear Energy Course as an Engineering Elective, Shih-Liang (Sid) Wang, Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA,
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=mragheb nuclear&source=web&cd=9&cad=rja&sqi=2&ved=0CGIQFjAI&url=http://www.iceehungary.net/download/fullp/full_papers/full_paper230.pdf&ei=GY74ULaMOYX9qAGWqIHwAw&usg=AFQjCNGj7lfHJGa6P4XzOK39cPJieyHJ6A

The University of Mississipi, School of Engineering, Education in Nuclear Energy, Course: Engr 597, Introduction to Nuclear Energy, Dr. Elizabeth Ervin,
http://www.engineering.olemiss.edu/~eke/Nuclear/Acknowledgement.html
http://www.engineering.olemiss.edu/~eke/Nuclear/nuclear.html

Fukushima Earthquake and Tsunami Station Blackout Accident, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, RPI,
http://www.ewp.rpi.edu/hartford/~ernesto/F2011/EP/MaterialsforStudents/Petty/Ragheb2011.PDF

Alan E. Comyns, "Encyclopedic Dictionary of Named Processes in Chemical Technology," Third Edition, CRC Press, 2007,
http://books.google.com/books?id=Jlq-ckWvQSQC&pg=PP10&lpg=PP10&dq=dr+magdi+ragheb&source=bl&ots=sO-EOujf00&sig=NgDT_g6M3h92KFJInqZvyA4zfNI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KIVGUdaiHuKYyAHt5YDgAg&ved=0CC0Q6AEwADhk

ebookbrowse, Magdi Ragheb, "Fusion Fission Hybrid as an Early Introduction of Fusion and the Thorium Fuel Cycle,
http://www.ebookbrowse.com/fusion-fission-hybrid-journal-ragheb-pdf-d274172425

Decay Heat Generation in Fission Reactors, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, RPI, 
http://www.ewp.rpi.edu/hartford/~ernesto/F2011/EP/MaterialsforStudents/Petty/Ragheb-Ch8-2011.PDF

Nuclear Marine Propulsion, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, RPI,
http://www.ewp.rpi.edu/hartford/~ernesto/F2010/EP2/Materials4Students/Misiaszek/NuclearMarinePropulsion.pdf

Nuclear Energy: Statistics, Dr. Elisabeth K. Ervin, Global warming, The University of Mississippi, Civil Engineering,
http://www.olemiss.edu//~cmchengs/Global%20Warming/Session%2017%20Nuclear%20Energy%20-%20Statistics/Nuclear%20Energy.pdf

Limestone is Efficient Energy Distributor,  Hannah Porter, RSC Publishing
http://blogs.rsc.org/ee/2011/09/06/limestone-efficient-energy-distributor/

ADV Asteriods, National Debate Coaches Association,
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=magdi ragheb&source=web&cd=118&ved=0CFQQFjAHOG4&url=http://www.debatecoaches.org/files/download/1882&ei=Ld_-UKvxDsnXqgGr1YGICQ&usg=AFQjCNH3xTDi3QyqtZbJVNqDspymns_joQ

World Earthquakes, Fukushima Earthquake and Tsunami Station Blackout Accident,
http://www.world-earthquakes.com/index.php?option=view&cat=1&cid=70&ext=pdf

Thorium Fuel Cycle Using Fusion Neutron Source, Talk Polywell Forum,
http://www.talk-polywell.org/bb/viewtopic.php?t=3885&sid=35545eb593a9b4a4e734a23abb43601e

Containment Structures, AtmInfo.Ru, Russia,
http://www.atominfo.ru/files/fukus/containmentstructures.pdf

Neutron Diffusion Theory, Narod, Russia,
http://www.v-ukraintsev.narod.ru/Teoria-Perenosa/Diffusion-Theory.pdf

Ebooks, Wind Turbines in the Urban Environment,
http://www.ebooks6.com/WIND-TURBINES-IN-THE-URBAN-ENVIRONMENT-pdf-e3995.pdf

David A. Rivkin, Kathleen Toomey, Laurel Silk, "Wind Turbine Technology and Design," Jones & Bartlett Learning, Burlington, MA, 2013.
http://books.google.com/books?id=kDpQydwFAW8C&pg=PA214&lpg=PA214&dq=mragheb&source=bl&ots=TNgMuSJtMJ&sig=922M39ahR8Ad0VTlDOxxogWI2_4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ioH9UNb2HIX8rAGzn4HQDA&ved=0CC0Q6AEwADiCAQ

Windfarmaction, Magdi raghe "Safety of Wind Systems,"
http://www.windfarmaction.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/safety-of-wind-systems.pdf

Nuclear Power Plant Design and Safety Considerations, Anthony Andrews and Peter Folger, Congressional Research Service, CRS Report to Congress, Federation of American Scientists, FRS, 
www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41805.pdf

Nuclear Power Plant Design and Safety Considerations, Anthony Andrews, Google Books,
http://books.google.com/books?id=Xb88ecQ-K24C&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=mragheb+nuclear&source=bl&ots=kH6l5SwRx4&sig=LLCMeFX0RDSX5ciUVJWj5mR5NJI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=dqj4UMbDHtG_qQGZ14HwBw&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q=mragheb nuclear&f=false

Japan Resilience System,  FukushimaSummary -by Professor Magdi Ragheb, Ph. D. - University of Illinois,
http://www.japan.resiliencesystem.org/fukushima-summary-professor-magdi-ragheb-phd-university-illinois

S5G reactor, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S5G_reactor

S5G reactor, The Full Wiki,
http://www.thefullwiki.org/S5G_reactorwiki.org/S5G_reactor

S9G Reactor, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S9G_reactor

Qattara Depression Project, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qattara_Depression_Project

Qattara Depression, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qattara_Depression

Membraneless Fuel Cells, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membraneless_Fuel_Cells

Wind Turbine,  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine

Wind Power in Spain, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Spain

F. R. Farmer, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._R._Farmer

C. V. Boys, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._V._Boys

Japanese Nuclear Weapon Program, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 
 http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_nuclear_weapon_program

Nuclear Force, Wikipedia, The Free encyclopedia, 
http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_force

Strong Interaction, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 
http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction

Red mercury, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://www.e..wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_mercury

Heat Engine, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_engine

Operation Greenhouse, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Greenhouse
http://www.ask.com/wiki/Operation_Greenhouse

Alstom Wind, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atstom_Wind

Typhoon Tip, Wipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Tip

Nuclear Reactor Physics, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor_physics

Nuclear Safety, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://en.wikepedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_safety

Radioactive Waste, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_waste

Nuclear Power, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power

Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator

Nuclear Power Debate, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_debate

Thorium, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium

Energy Development, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_development

Readbag, beta, Magdi Ragheb, " Decay Heat Generation in Fission reactors,"
http://www.readbag.com/netfiles-uiuc-mragheb-www-npre-457-cse-462-safety-analysis-of-nuclear-reactor-systems-decay-heat-generation-in-fission-reactor

Boiling Water Reactors, Ian Bradshaw, UK,
http://www.ianbradshaw.co.uk/multimedia/fukushima/data/General%20Documents/uiuc.edu/Boiling%20Water%20Reactors.pdf
http://www.ianbradshaw.co.uk/multimedia/fukushima/data/General%20Documents/uiuc.edu

The Fusion-Fission Thorium Hybrid, Thorium Energy Alliance, TEA,
 http://www.thoriumenergyalliance.com/downloads/The_Fusion_Fission_Thorium_Hybrid_Ragheb.pdf

Nuclear Technologies, Alan Bullick, Advancements and New Techmologies in the Field of Nuclear Power, Dr. McGinley,
http://www.slideshare.net/MarkMcGinley/nuclear-technologies-alan-bullick

Spain-IAEA, Potential Exposures, Juan Carlos Mora, Beatriz Robles, Alla Dvorzhak,
http://www.iaea.org/INPRO/CPs/ENV-PE/1st_consultancy/ENV-PE-Spain-PE.pdf

Space Exploration and Nuclear Propulsion, Astrodigital, Blair Bromley,
http://astrodigital.org/space/nuclear.html

Conventional Weapons, Space War, Atom Rockets, Project Rho,
http://www.projectrho,com/public_html/rockrt/spacegunconvent.php#id--Nukes_In_Space--Nuclear_Shaped_Charges

Thorium Molten-Salt Reactor [LFTR] - The Future of Energy, KickStarter,
http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/gordonmcdowell/thorium-remix-2012-feature-film-to-propagate-hard/posts?page=4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=TCm0jW5Bjdg

David Marquet, Creating Leadership at Every Level, http://www.davidmarquet.com/2011/what-happened-at-fukushima

Thorium Resources in Rare Earth Elements, Scribd, The World's Largest Online Library. Read, Publish, and Share Documents and Written Works,
https://www.scribd.com/doc/105448071/Thorium-Resources-in-Rare-Earth-Elements-Ragheb-M-Aug-2011

Lean, Mean and Clean II: Assessing DOD Investments in Clean Energy Innovation, Megan Nicholson and Matthew Stepp,
The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, ITIF
http://www2.itif.org/2012-lean-mean-clean-dod-energy.pdf

Fusion Fission Thorium Hybrid Reactor Concept Presentation, Focus Fusion Society Forums, April 13, 2011,
http://www.focusfusion.org/index.php/forums/viewthread/851/

Planetary Defense Strategy debate,
http://kndi.wikispaces.com/file/view/NPP+Aff+Wave+Two+-+Final.docx

Business Case Analysis for Deployment of Renewable Power Generatin for Western Scotland Industrial Sites,
University of Starathclyde, Mechanical Engineering, thesis text,
http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/Documents/MSc_2011/Khnykina.pdf

SciTechnol, Journal of Nuclear Energy Science & Power Generation technology, ISSN:2325-9809
http://scitechnol.com/editorialboardJNPGT.php

National Wind Watch Organization, Wind Turbine Gearbox Technologies,
http://www.wind-watch.org/documents/wind-turbine-gearbox-technologies/

Max Formitchev and Sergei Godin, "Cavitation-Induced Fusion: A path to Clean ans Affordable Alternative Energy,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/96232732/Pennsylvania-Fusion-Project

Megan Nicholson and Matthew Stepp, The Information technology and innovation Foundation,
ITIF, "Lean, Mean, and Clean II: Assessing DOD Investments in Clean Energy Innovation,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/123185863/Lean-Mean-and-Clean-II-Assessing-DOD-Investments-in-Clean-Energy-Innovation

Scribd, M. Ragheb, "Nuclear Medicine Applications,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/98202115/Nuclear-Medicine-Applications-pdf
http://www.scribd.com/doc/95138601/Nuclear-Medicine-Applications

Scibd, M. Ragheb, "Magnetic Confinement Fusion,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/72804130/Am-An

Scribd, "Smart Grids,
http://www.scribd.com/doc/126733796/SMART-GRIDS

Scribd, M. Ragheb, "Gamma Rays Interaction with Matter,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/19387584/Gamma-Rays-Interactions-With-Matter
http://www.scribd.com/doc/125619842/19387584-Gamma-Rays-Interactions-With-Matter-pdf

Bosilijcic Igor, "Thorium Nuclear Reactor Collection,"
http://www.scribd.com/collections/3384490/Thorium-Nuclear-Reactor

Alister William Macintyre, "Japan Nuclear Accident Info Navigation Guide,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/55448607/Nuclear-Info-Japan-Guide-v-1-5

Scribd, M. Ragheb, "Vertical Axis Wind Turbines,
http://www.scribd.com/doc/101544049/Vertical-Axis-Wind-Turbines

Marco D'Ambrosio, Marco Medaglia,  "Vertical Axis Wind Turbines: History, technology and Applications,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/83284491/Full-Text-01

Scribd., Magdi Ragheb, "Thorium Resources in Rare Earth Elements,"
http://www.scribd,com/doc/105448071/17/REFERENCES

Scribd,  Magdi Ragheb, "The Fusion-Fission Thorium Hybrid,"
http://www.scibd.com/doc/75434028/The-Fusion-Fission-Thorium-Hybrid-Ragheb

Scribd, M. Ragheb, "The Resonance Escape Probability,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/72182448/The-Resonance-Escape-Probability-1

Scribd, Magdi Ragheb and Adam Ragheb, "Wind Turbines Theory - The Betz Equation and Optimal Rotor Tip Speed Ratio,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/77166973/InTech-Wind-Turbines-Theory-the-Betz-Equation-and-Optimal-Rotor-Tip-Speed-Ratio-1

Scribd, Adam M. ragheb and Magdi ragheb, "Wind Turbine Gearbox Technologies,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/83701354/InTech-Wind-Turbine-Gearbox-Technologies

SMd. Azher uddin, "Wind Energy: The New Alternative,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/60130599/Wind-Energy-6

Scribd, M. Ragheb, "Steam Reforming,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/114454341/Steam-Reforming

Pavel V, Tsvetkov, Ed.., "Nuclear Power - Deployment, Operation and Sustainability,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/94277924/Nuclear-Power-Deployment-Operation-and-Sustainability

Scribd, "1AC Asteroids Advantage,
http://www.scribd.com/doc/92271756/1AC-Nuclear-Propulsion

Scribd, M. Ragheb, "Fermi Age Theory,
http://www.scibd.com/doc/34904923/Fermi-Age-Theory

Scribd, M. Ragheb, "Neutron Collision Theory,"
http://www.scibd.com/doc/71297386/Neutron-Collision-Theory

Scribd, M. Ragheb, "Accidente por apagon en Fukushima,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/117709973/Fukushima

Laura Norena, Laura Vasco, Yeferson Garzon, "Diseno Y Simulation De Un Controlador Para Un Convertidor DC/AC Una
Aplication De Aerogeneracion Y Almacenamiento De Energia En Un Banco De Baterias,"
https://www.scribd.com/doc/63055501/DISENO-Y-SIMULACION-DE-UN-CONTROLADOR-PARA-UN-CONVERTIDOR-DCDC-EN-UNA-APLICACION-DE-AEROGENERACION-Y-ALMACENAMIENTO-DE-ENERGIA-EN-UN-BANCO-DE-BATERI

G. B. Eke and J. I. Onyewudiala, "Optimization of Wind Turbine Blades Using Genetic Algorithm,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/98167796/4-Optimization-of-Wind-Turbine-Blades-Using-Genetic-Algorithm

Seguridad y Medio Ambiente,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/90418813/Fundacion-MAPRE-Seguridad-y-Medio-Ambiente-122

Rupp Carriveau, Ed., "Fundamental and Advanced Topics in Wind Power,
http://www.scribd.com/doc/62889479/Fundamental-and-Advanced-Topics-in-Wind-Power

Town of Lyme, "Environmental Health and Safety Matters,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/68061081/Town-of-Lyme-Wind-Committee-Environmental-May-2011-Revisions

Gabriel Alves Gomes, "Acidentes Nucleares E Radiologigos, Consequencias e Acoes Mitigadoras,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/116982250/Acidentes-Nucleares-TCC-Final

Scribd, "Descrierea Comparativa A Fenemenologiei in Cazul Unui Accident De Tip Loca Pentru Reactoarele Candu SI Pwr,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/110859315/Comparatie-LOCA

Chuck Achberger, "Nuclear power Plant Design and seismic Safety Considerations,"
http://www.scibd.com/doc/59401034/Nuclear-Power-Plant-Design-and-Seismic-Safety-Considerations

Anthony Andrews and peter Folger, "Nuclear power Plant Design and seismic Safety Considerations,"
http://www.scibd.com/doc/94584951/CRS-Nuclear-Power-Plant-Design-and-Seismic-Safety-Considerations

Scribd, M. Ragheb, "Nuclear Reactor Concepts and Thermodynamic Cycles,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/115411931/Nuclear-Reactors-Concepts-and-Thermodynamic-Cycles-unlocked

USDOE, "Advanced Wind Turbine Drivetrain Concepts,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/55172950/Advanced-Drive-Train-Workshop-Report

NREL, Advanced Wind Turbine Drivetrain Concepts: Workshop Report,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/59489425/NREL-Advanced-Wind-Turbine-Drive-Train-Concepts-Workshop-Report

Benjamin Williams, MPH, "Steps to Mitigate the Potential Health Impacts of  Hydraulic Fracturing in New York State,"
Memorandum to New York State Senator Greg Ball,
http://www.scribd.com/doc/64476300/Fracking-Health-Impact-Assessments

Haseeb Ahmad, "Offshore Wind park Connection to an VDC Platform, without using an Ac Collector platform,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/104983863/Offshore-Wind-Park-Connection-to-an-HVDC-Platform-without-using-an-AC-Collector-Platform

"VAWT Report,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/101592684/VAWT-Report

Alister William Macintyre, "Lessons Japan Disaster for Whole World, "
http://www.scribd.com/doc/56402414/Lessons-Disasters-v-2-8

Mir F. Ali, "Nuclear Civil Vessels - Nuclear Merchant Ships,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/78806722/Chapter10-20110831

Mir F. Ali, "Nuclear Marine Propulsion,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/78806653/chapter9-20110731

Mir F. Ali, "Generation III Advanced Nuclear Reactors,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/78806501/Chapter07-20110517

M. Ragheb, "Thorium Resources in Rare Earth Elements,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/105448071/Thorium-Resources-in-Rare-Earth-Elements-Ragheb-M-Aug-2011

Rosa Moreno Moore, "La Emergenzia Nuclear en Japon: Lecciones para Chile,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/96458786/Emergencia-Nuclear-en-Japon-Lecciones-Para-Chile

Jon Cartwright, "Limestone is Efficient Energy Distributor," Royal Society of Chemistry, RSC Advancing the Chemical Sciences, Chemistry World, September 1st, 2011,
http://http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2011/September/01091101.asp

"Energy Innovation in the United States,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/58118686/2010-National-Yps-Energy-Policy-Recs-Web-Quality

"Murray Leonardi, "Contention One is Impacts,"
http://www.scribd.com/doc/87703432/Murray-Leonardi-Space-Aff

Maurizio Salvi, Chief Editor, Head of the EGE Secretariat, Emmanuel Agius, Paula Martinho da Silva, Pere Puigdomenech-Rosell,
"An Ethical Framework for Assessing Research, Production and Use of Energy,"
Opinion No. 27, The European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies, Brussels, January 16, 2013.
http://ec.europa.eu/bepa/european-group-ethics/docs/publications/opinion_27__2013.pdf

Center for Special Studies and Programs, CSSP, Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Energy Track,
http://www.bibalex.org/cssp/Speakers/SpeakersDetails.aspx?ID=250